3G All IP Network 1
Outline � Mobile Technology Evolution � GPRS Overview � 3GPP UMTS System (Release 99) � Introduction to VoIP Technologies • H.323 • SIP • MGCP/MEGACO • SIGTRAN • Softswitch � 3GPP All IP Network 2
Mobile Technology Evolution � 1G – Analog System AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) : 中華電信 090 系統 • � 2G – Digital System • GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) � 900MHz and 1.8GHz (DCS1800) � TDMA and FDMA Technologies � 9.6K bps Data Rate (Shore Message Service; SMS) � 歐亞 160 Countries, 全球 55% 市場 , 約 5 億個用戶 • CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) � IS-95: Data Rate 14.4K bps (cdmaOne) � IS-95B: Data Rate 64 Kbps � Qualcom � 亞太北美市場 , 約 7,500 萬用戶 • D-AMPS � 又稱 IS-136 3
2.5G � GSM System • High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) � Up to 115.2 Kbps • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) � Up to 171.2 Kbps • Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) � 改變調變技術 � up to 384 Kbps (Also considered as 3G technology) � D-AMPS � EDGE � cdma System • cdma 1x � Up to 144 Kbps � Korea 4
GPRS System � Packet Switching Technology � Physical Channel for Data � Based on GSM Cellular Network Transmission � High Data Speed • Assigned on Demand • 21.4 Kbps per Time Slot (channel) • Can Be Shared with Other Users • Up to 8 Time Slots GSM Gateway Visited MSC/VLR MSC/VLR PSTN BSS HLR PCU Gb Gn External Gi SGSN GGSN Data Network 5 GPRS
SGSN and GGSN GGSN HLR SGSN IP based Network Gateway GPRS Support Node Serving GPRS Support Node . Interworking between PDN and . Mobility Management (Location GPRS PLMN Update, Paging etc.) . Packet Screening . Access Control & Security . Routing Tables about Attached (Authentication, Ciphering) GPRS Subscribers . BSS Queue Management . Address Mapping . GSM Circuit-Switched Interactions . PDU Tunneling . Operation Data, such as Billing Info. . Operation Data, such as Billing Info. 6
GPRS MM/SM � Mobility Management • Attach • Detach • Security • Routing Area Update � Session Management • PDP Context Activation • PDP Context Deactivation • PDP Context Modification 7
3G � IMT-2000 • Year 2000 Ready • Operate at 2000 MHz • Provide 2000K bps Data Rate � 3G Data Rate 要求 • Vehicular -- 144 Kbps • Pedestrian --- 384 Kbps • Indoor --- 2Mbps � Three Important 3G Technologies Standards W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) ( 歐日系統 ) • � GSM/GPRS/EDGE � W-CDMA cdma2000 ( 北美系統 ) • TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronize CDMA) ( 大陸系統 ) • 8
From 2G to 3G � From Voice Service to Rich, Interactive Multimedia-based Personal Communication Service � Permanent Network Connection with High Data Rate • 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps • Mobile Aaccess to High-quality Video, Audio, Graphics and Multimedia as Fixed Internet � Massive Increase in Network Capacity • To Support Billions of Subscribers � Global Roaming • To Use Single Terminal to Access Identical Services All Around the World 9
3GPP UMTS System Uu Iu Node B USIM Iu-CS PLMN, 3G GMSC RNC PSTN, ISDN,... MSC/VLR Iu-CS Node B D D Cu HLR Iub Iur Gs Gr ME Node B Gc Iu-PS Internet GGSN 3G SGSN RNC Iu-PS Gn Gi Node B External UE Networks UTRAN Core Network System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99 10
VoIP Protocols � H.323 � SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) � MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) MEGACO (Media Gateway Control Protocol) � SIGTRAN (Signaling Transport) � Softswitch 11
What is H.323 � The H.323 standard provides audio, video and data communications across IP-based networks. � H.323 is an umbrella recommendation from ITU, which was approved in 1996. 12
Terminal A Gatekeeper RAS Channel PictureTel 1. ARQ (alias address/bandwidth) 2. ACF (call signaling channel address/bandwidth) 6. ACF 5. Q.931 Call Signaling Channel ARQ 3. Setup 4. Call Proceeding PictureTel 7. Alerting 8. Connect (H.245 Address) Terminal B H.245 Control Channel Capability Exchange OpenLogicalChannel OpenLogicChannelACK Logical Channel (RTP Stream) 13
What is SIP � Developed in IETF • Proposed standard RFC 2543, February 1999 • Current standard: RFC 3261 � Main functions • Invite users to sessions � Find the user’s current location, match with their capabilities and preferences • Modification of sessions • Termination of sessions � Text-based Encoding 14
SIP Architecture Redirect Server SIP Request SIP Response Media Stream Location Server Proxy Server Proxy Server Proxy Server User Agent Client (Calling Party) User Agent Server (Called Party) 15
Invitation for SIP Proxy Server itri.org.tw location server (3) honda@AUDI (2) honda csie.nctu.edu.tw acer@csie.nctu.edu.tw (4) INVITE (1) INVITE AUDI honda@AUDI honda@itri.org.tw (6) 200 OK (5) 200 OK (5) BMW BENZ (8) ACK honda@AUDI (7) ACK honda@itri.org.tw honda@AUDI RTP Stream 16
Invitation for SIP Redirect Server itri.org.tw location server (3) honda@AUDI (2) honda csie.nctu.edu.tw (1) INVITE Honda@itri.org.tw acer@csie.nctu.edu.tw (4) 302 Moved temporarily Contact: Honda@AUDI.itri.org.tw (5) ACK Honda@itri.org.tw BENS BMW (6) INVITE AUDI Honda@AUDI.itri.org.tw (7) 200 OK (8) ACK Honda@AUDI.itri.org.tw Honda@AUDI RTP Stream 17
The Telephone Network [1/2] SS7 Signaling Service Service + ISUP Messages Control Data Point Point INAP/TCAP Messages Signal Transfer Control Layer Point Intelligent Transport Layer Peripheral Class 4 Class 5 Tandem Switch End Office Switch Circuit Switched Network Reference: CCL/ITRI 18
The Telephone Network [2/2] � 5 Basic Components in Intelligent Networks • SSP/Service Switching Point � switching, signaling, routing, service invocation • STP/Service Transfer Point � signaling, routing • SCP/Service Control Point � service logic execution • SDP/Service Data Point � subscriber data storage, access • IP/Intelligent Peripheral � resources such as customized voice announcement, voice recognition, DTMF digit collection 19
Introduction to MGCP/MEGACO � A protocol for controlling media gateways � Two components • Media gateway provides conversion between audio signals on telephone circuits and data packets carried over IP networks. • Call agent (Media gateway controller) handles the call setup and release for media channels in a media gateway. � Types of media gateway • Trunking gateway to CO/switches • Residential gateway to PSTN phones 20
MGCP/MEGACO-based Architecture SS7 Network Internet Signaling SCP (SS7) SIGTRAN Gateway MGCP/MEGACO Call PSTN STP Agent MGCP/MEGACO Trunking Residential Residential Trunking Gateway Gateway RTP CO Trunking Residential Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway Switch 21
SIGTRAN � IETF SIGTRAN (Signaling Transport) - for SS7 over IP SIGTRAN Protocol Stack SS7 Protocol Stack OSI Layers INAP MAP INAP MAP Application Presentation TCAP TCAP ISUP ISUP Session SCCP SCCP Transport SCN S ignaling A daptation Network (SSA) MTP Data Link C ommon S ignaling T ransport (CST) Physical IP 22
Softswitch Overview [1/2] � Softswitch: Emulating Circuit Switching in Software IN/SCP PSTN SS7 STP PSTN Local Network Local Switch Switch SG SG SG SG IP Network SIGTRAN MGC MGC MGC MGC SIP-T Trunk Trunk Trunk Trunk MEGACO Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway RTP Streams Personalized VoIP 9000 9000 Service System IP Phone IP Phone Application Server Application Server 23 Reference: CCL/ITRI
Softswitch Overview [2/2] � Softswitch Provides Open Layered Architecture Circuit-Switched Soft-Switched Open APIs for Services, Applications & Features 3rd Party App P Services & (Management, Provisioning and develop. R Applications Back Office) O Scalable, P Open Protocols APIs R Call Control Open Interfaces I & Switching for Comm. E Softswitch Call Control T A Open Protocols APIs Best-in-class Transport R Hardware Access Devices. Y Transport Hardware • Solutions in a proprietary box • Solutions are open standards-based • Expensive • Customers choose best-in-class products • Little room for innovation • Open standards enable lower cost for innovation 24
Softswitch Architecture App. SCP SCP SIP-? Server SS7 TCAP SIGTRAN Signaling Media SIP-TSI STP STP (SS7) Server Gateway IP Media Media Signaling Layer ISUP/TCAP Gateway Gateway SIP-T Controller Controller Transport Layer MGCP/MEGACO CO CO Trunking Switch Switch Gateway RTP MGCP/ RTP MEGACO Phones Residential Gateway 25 Reference: CCL/ITRI
3GPP All IP Network 26
All IP Architecture � Based on packet technologies and IP telephony for real time and non real time services � An evolution from Release 99 specifications • All IP core network should support release 99 CS terminals � Radio Access Network (RAN) • GERAN and UTRAN � Core Network • Based on the evolution of GPRS 27
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