Asia Construction IT Round Table Meeting 3D Product Models and IFC of IAI Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor Dept of Civil Eng & Arch Muroran Inst of Tech, Hokkaido, Japan January 28, 2006, at Akasaka Prince Hotel Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 1
OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Data Models 3. 3D Product Models 4. IFC of IAI 5. Product Models Developed by Yabuki Laboratory 6. Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter 7. Conclusion Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 2
1. Introduction Problems in civil engineering •Fragmentation •Inefficient information exchange •Site construction •Public •Many stakeholders •Low productivity Comparison of Labor Productivities (Unit: Yen/Man/Hour) Year Manufacturing Construction 1990 3,531 3,714 2002 5,023 2,817 Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 3
In the life cycle of civil infrastructures, many systems are used. Design Design Generation Structural Checking System Analysis System System Estimation 3D CAD System System Construction Construction Maintenance Planning Management System System System � Islands of Automation � Much data are stowed away. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 4
Therefore, a data model is needed. Design Design Generation Structural Checking System Analysis System System Estimation 3D CAD Data Model Data Model System System Construction Construction Maintenance Planning Management System System System � Data sharing among various systems to increase the efficiency. � Data input mistakes decrease. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 5
2. Data Models 1970s •IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) 1984 •Object-oriented technology •Not just CAD standard, necessity of data models for objects was identified. •Not just 2D, but 3D for representing geometry of objects. •US: PDES (Product Data Exchange Standard) •Europe: ISO, TC184, SC4, ISO-10303 ， STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data) 1991 •PDES was merged with ISO-STEP. Application Protocols and EXPRESS, EXPRESS-G were developed in ISO-STEP. However, in construction related area, the 3D model development was late. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 6
IFC of IAI 1994 Autodesk started IAI ( Industry Alliance for Interoperability) for developing classes for buildings in C++ with 12 companies in the US. 1995 IAI invited other companies and foreign countries. 1997 IAI changed its name to International Alliance for Interoperability and became an international organization for developing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC). Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 7
In Japan, Construction CALS/EC 1995 Ministry of Construction started CALS/EC Research Group ． 1996 JACIC founded CALS Center. Data exchange formats for mainly 2D drawings, documents and photos. Product models proposed by other organizations • JHDM by Japan Highway Agency • SYMPHONY by Japanese steel bridge manufacturers, etc. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 8
3. IFC of IAI Building Smart Mission IAI is an alliance of organizations dedicated to bring about a coordinated change for the improvement of productivity and efficiency in the construction and facilities management industry ( Building Smart ). Our members engage in national-industrial programmes that aim to change the organisation, process and technology of the industry. • IFC : an object-oriented data model developed by IAI • IFC enables data sharing between CAD & non-CAD applications • Publicly Available Specification (PAS) of ISO TC184 SC4 since November 2002. • De facto standard as a product model for buildings • The current version of IFC is Release 2x Edition 2, IFC2x2. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 9
11 Chapters of IAI, 24 Countries, 447 organizations (as of October 14, 2005) Currently the IAI has the following chapters, listed in the order establishment. They all contribute actively to the overall development of the IAI. •North American Chapter •German Speaking Chapter •UK Chapter •Japanese Chapter •Singaporean Chapter •Nordic Chapter •French Speaking Chapter •Australasian Chapter •Iberian Chapter •Italian Chapter •Chinese Chapter Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 10
11 Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005
Basic elements of IFC IfcRoot IfcObject IfcPropertyDefinition Name Other Name Name Attributes IfcRelationship IfcPropertySet Item Name IfcProduct Unit Weight Elastic Modulus Name Yield Point Steel Type Other L i n k i n g Name Attributes Product Local Definition IfcRepresentationItem Placement Shape L i n k i n g Wide flange Line Surface Solid shape IfcColumn Other Attributes Name Product Local Definition Placement Shape Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 12
4. Product Models Developed by Yabuki Laboratory at Muroran Inst of Tech 4.1 A Product Model for PC Bridges We first developed our own product model for prestressed concrete bridges. However, we decided to develop product models based on IFC of IAI. We added necessary classes to IFC and modified it. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 13
Classes added by us IFC 2x Classes added by us D e s c r i p t i o n G l o b a l I d I f c T e x t ( A B S ) I f c G l o b a l l y U n i q u e I d N a m e O w n e r H i s t o r y I f c R o o t I f c L a b e l I f c O w n e r H i s t o r y ( A B S ) ( A B S ) ( A B S ) I f c E l e m e n t C o m p o s i t i o n O b j e c t T y p e I f c L a b e l I f c P r o p e r t y D e f i n i t i o n I f c R e l a t i o n s h i p I f c O b j e c t E n u m C o m p o s i t i o n T y p e O b j e c t P l a c e m e n t I f c O b j e c t P l a c e m e n t ( A B S ) ( A B S ) L o n g N a m e R e l a t e d O b j e c t s S [ 1 : ? ] ( A B S ) I f c I d e n t i f e r ( A B S ) I f c P r o d u c t I f c R e l D e f i n e s ( I N V ) I s D e f i n e d B y S [ 0 : ? ] I f c S p a t i a l R e p r e s e n t a t i o n I f c P r o p e r t y S e t D e f i n i t i o n I f c P r o d u c t R e p r e s e n t a t i o n S t r u c t u r e R e l a t i n g S t r u c t u r e E l e m e n t I f c R e l D e f i n e s B y P r o p e r t i e s IfcRelDefinesByProperties IfcRelDefinesByProperties ( I N V ) C o n t a i n s E l e m e n t s S [ 0 : ? ] C o n c r e t e P r o p e r t i e s Building Class R e l a t i n g P r o p e r t y D e f i n i t i o n ( I N V ) P r o p e r t y D e f i n i t i o n O f S [ 0 : 1 ] ( A B S ) R e b a r P r o p e r t i e s R e l a t i n g O b j e c t ( A B S ) ( I N V ) I s D e c o m p o s e d B y I f c E l e m e n t I f c B u i l d i n g I f c B u i l d i n g I f c R e l D e c o m p o s e s R e l a t e d O b j e c t s S [ 1 : ? ] I f c S i t e S t o r e y ( I N V ) D e c o m p o s e s S [ 0 : ? ] A n c h o r i n g D e v i c e P r o p e r t i e s I f c R e l A g g r e g a t e s C o n c r e t e S t r u c t u r e S l a b O f B r i d g e E l e m e n t V o i d P r o p e r t i e s T a g I f c I d e n t i f e r S l a b T y p e ( A B S ) I f c R e l C o n n e c t s S l a b T y p e E n u m P r e s t r e s s i n g S t r a n d P r o p e r t i e s I f c R e l C o n t a i n e d I n ( A B S ) IfcRelContainedIn IfcRelContainedIn ( A B S ) Civil Engineering Civil Engineering S p a t i a l S t r u c t u r e R e l a t e d E l e m e n t s S [ 1 : ? ] I f c B u i l d i n g SpatialStructure SpatialStructure C i v i l S t r u c t u r e E l e m e n t S h e a t h P r o p e r t i e s Member Classes Member Classes E l e m e n t ( I N V ) C o n t a i n e d I n S t r u c t u r e S [ 0 : 1 ] Property Sets Property Sets Building Member Classes R e b a r S h e a t h I f c P r o p e r t y S e t V o i d P r e s t r e s s i n g H a s P r o p e r t i e s S [ 1 : ? ] A n c h o r i n g D e v i c e S t r a n d I f c B e a m I f c P r o p e r t y I f c C o l u m n I f c S l a b F i x i n g T y p e C a b l e T y p e Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 14 P r e d e f i n e d T y p e F i x i n g T y p e E n u m C a b l e T y p e E n u m S l a b T y p e E n u m
Integration and Application PC Bridge Converter III Converter I 3D-CAD Structural 3DProductModel Design System System (UC-1 of Forum8) Converter II AutoCAD Rebar Cover Checking System In order to check the validity and practicality of the developed product model, the product model was integrated with three application systems, and they were applied to a design case. Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 15
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