Whe n do e s e mplo yme nt ma tte r? Unde rsta nding e mplo yme nt a nd yo uth pa rtic ipa tio n in vio le nc e in Afric a 35 Re b e c c a Wo lfe & T a ra No ro nha Me rc y Co rps
Unde rsta nding Whe n E mplo yme nt Ma tte rs Disc re te , sho rt e piso de s o f vio le nc e , whe re the re is stro ng e vide nc e o f e lite ha ndo uts, yo uth e mplo yme nt/ e c o no mic live liho o d pro g ra ms sho uld re duc e yo uth pro pe nsity to pa rtic ipa te in vio le nc e (K e nya , Zimb a b we ) Whe re yo uth we re a b duc te d into lo ng , intra c ta b le c o nflic ts, yo uth e mplo yme nt pro g ra ms sho uld ha ve minima l e ffe c ts o n re duc ing yo uth pro pe nsity to pa rtic ipa te in vio le nc e (Ug a nda -L RA, L ib e ria )
Unde rsta nding Whe n E mplo yme nt Ma tte rs Whe re the prima ry mo tiva to r fo r vio le nc e is injustic e / re ve ng e , yo uth e c o no mic inte rve ntio ns sho uld ha ve minima l e ffe c ts o n re duc ing yo uth pro pe nsity to pa rtic ipa te in vio le nc e (So ma lia )
Me tho do lo g y fo r K e nya a nd L ib e ria studie s Da ta so urc e s: - Me rc y Co rps pro g ra m surve ys - Afro b a ro me te r surve ys (Ro und 4 – 2008) - K I I s with yo uth a nd yo uth de ve lo pme nt e xpe rts in K e nya Da ta a na lysis me tho ds: - Re g re ssio n a na lyse s to ide ntify pre dic to rs - Othe r c o rre la tio n te sts o f b e twe e n g ro up diffe re nc e s - T ria ng ula tio n with q ua lita tive a nd se c o nda ry da ta
Pre dic to rs:E c o no mic I nde pe nde nc e K e nya a nd L ib e ria F ac tor In Ke nya? In L ibe r ia? E mplo yme nt sta tus Ye s No Ab ility to sa tisfy b a sic ne e ds Ye s No Pe rc e ive d e c o no mic e q ua lity No No Ave ra g e inc o me s / living No No c o nditio ns
Pre dic to rs: So c ia l a nd Po litic a l F a c to rs K e nya a nd L ib e ria F ac tor In Ke nya? In L ibe r ia? So c ia l ide ntity Ye s Ye s Pe rc e ptio ns o f po litic a l e q ua lity Ye s No L e ve ls o f c ivic e ng a g e me nt Ye s Ye s Co nta c t with lo c a l le a de rs No Ye s Pe rc e ptio ns o f c o rruptio n No Ye s a mo ng g o ve rnme nt o ffic ia ls
So ma lia T he o rie s o f Cha ng e T e ste d
Me tho do lo g y fo r So ma lia studie s Da ta so urc e s: - Me rc y Co rps pro g ra m ho use ho ld surve ys - 1,089 yo uth (549 in sc ho o l a nd 540 o ut o f sc ho o l yo uth) in So ma lila nd a nd Puntla nd - T he surve y wa s c o nduc te d b e twe e n F e b rua ry 29 a nd April 18, 2012 a s pa rt o f the SYL I b a se line study. Da ta a na lysis me tho ds: - Multiva ria te re g re ssio n to ide ntify the fa c to rs tha t sig nific a ntly pre dic t yo uth’ s a ttitude s a nd b e ha vio rs to wa rds po litic a l vio le nc e
So ma lia Study Re sults
mplic a tio ns I Ove ra ll • I mpo rta nc e o f c o nflic t a sse ssme nts whe n de sig ning pro g ra ms tha t use e mplo yme nt to inc re a se sta b ility • E nsuring ma tc hing skill b uilding to o ppo rtunitie s • I nc re a sing yo ung pe o ple ’ s a b ility to c o pe with frustra tio n thro ug h pro duc tive c o mmunic a tio n, a ng e r ma na g e me nt a nd se lf-c o ntro l. • Jo b s a re mo re tha n inc o me —a ro ute to sta tus
mplic a tio ns I Whe n fina nc ia l inc e ntive s use d • Ba la nc ing sho rt-te rm e mplo yme nt a nd lo ng -te rm e mplo yme nt Whe n fo rc ib ly re c ruite d • Use e mplo yme nt a s a wa y to re inte g ra te yo uth into the ir c o mmunitie s & stre ng the n tie s
mplic a tio ns I Whe n re ve ng e / injustic e a re prima ry mo tiva to rs • I nc re a se d e mplo yme nt a nd vo ic e a re still impo rta nt • Use o f ro le s mo de ls/ e xa mple s no n-vio le nt c ha ng e • Re duc e disc rimina tio n e mb e dde d in hiring a nd e mplo yme nt o ppo rtunitie s
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