11/30/18 PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min – no PQ! we check ID! SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 1
11/30/18 acid streams coal seam SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans acid streams SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 2
11/30/18 source: Wikipedia SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: “Understanding Earth” by Press/Siever SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 3
11/30/18 Image: “Earth, Portrait of a planet” by Marshak Image: http://en.wikipedia.org SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: “Earth, Portrait of a planet” by Marshak SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 4
11/30/18 Source: Science News, 3/3/18 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 6% residential coal burning 10% industrial; power generation 10% diesel engines, industrial 14% diesel engines, transportation 18% residential biofuel burning 42% open biomass burning work done at SIO (Ramanathan) SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 5
11/30/18 EU PM 10 legislation limits: yearly average: 20 µ g/m 3 daily average: 50 µ g/m 3 # days: 7 Source: wikipedia SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans EU PM 10 legislation limits: yearly average: 20 µ g/m 3 China: China: daily average: 50 µ g/m 3 55 Yanan 101 Shenyang # days: 7 56 Beijing 121 Beijing 57 Xining 124 Xining 58 Xi’an 126 Xi’an 61 Ürümqi 133 Ürümqi 71 Lanzhou 155 Lanzhou Image: wikipedia SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 6
11/30/18 PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min – no PQ! we check ID! SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 7
11/30/18 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Mercury (Hg) in tuna: tuna is a predator/high on food chain accumulated Hg attacks nervous system PCB: pesticides paints plastics - PCB (phased out in 1970s but long-lived) flame retardant (polychlorinated biphenyl) transformers causes cancer! SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 8
11/30/18 PROS San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant - heralded in the 1950s - tiny amount of matter produces large amounts of energy - no greenhouse gases chain reaction U-235 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans CONS San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant - long-term storage of used fuel rods (half-life of some material 25,000 yrs) - accidents/earthquakes - Pu production and civil security Carbon footprint Never discussed! SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 9
11/30/18 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans • blue baby syndrome due to nitrate in drinking water • nitrate -> nitrite (particularly babies and sick) • lack of oxygen in blood • levels in Europe so high that bottled water recommended current EPA threshold for infants: 10 mg/l Other thresholds: Germany: 50mg/l Switzerland: 25mg/l 20mg/l bad for cows SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: USGS 10
11/30/18 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: USGS … think not only food but also biofuels ….. SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 11
11/30/18 diatoms vs dinoflagellates Nov 21, 2015: CA, WA, OR delay crab season b/c toxic red tide dinoflagellate research done at SIO SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) 1. modern insecticide (malaria, typhus) also used in agriculture 2. “safe in humans” …. but ….. 3. DISASTROUS TO BIRDS phased out in 1970s but still used California Brown Pelican (Bald Eagle also threatened) - shells too thin for chicks to hatch - close to extinction 1980s SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 12
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