10/19/2018 U of DE Poultry Health System (UDPHS) DMV Chicken Disease Update: Daniel A. Bautista, DVM, MS A Jack Gelb Jr., PhD DB Brian Ladman, PhD B Erin Brannick DVM, MS B National Meeting on Poultry Health and Processing Ocean City, MD Oct 8-10, 2018 A Lasher Laboratory Elbert N. and Ann V. Carvel Research and Education Center Georgetown, Delaware 19947 Lasher Laboratory 2014 Allen Laboratory 1997 (302) 856-1997 bautista@udel.edu B Department of Animal and Food Sciences Newark, Delaware 19716-2150 (302) 831-2524 Avian Biosciences Center Poultry Health System Activity 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Category Total Lab 3914 5940 9640 7844 8456 8617 8450 8606 7110 7352 7237 8085 8153 9513 Accessions Necropsy 620 987 1000 1095 1390 1114 815 823 1103 1450 990 1125 1141 1612 cases (flocks) Routine 1621 4332 3879 3699 3718 3701 3233 3926 3889 4229 5249 5373 6349 Avian Influenza Tests ELISA 2439 2874 1969 1869 1689 2013 1494 1833 2053 2181 1493 1499 1132 2342 Accessions (36,585) (43,110 (29,535 (28,035 (25,335 (30,195 (22,410 (27,495) (30,795 (32,715 (22,395) (22,485) (16,980) (35,130) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (x15 samples) Salmonella 0 0 259 599 1195 2085 2292 2601 462 894 1464 1144 1474 758 PCR/Cultur e IBD 8K 20K 16 K 13K 13K 14K 7K 6K 12K 9K 8K 8K 8K 8K Progeny Challenge Testing (birds) College or Department name here 4 2016 USAHA Broiler Industry Survey (Dr. Deirdre Johnson) Respiratory Disease Update A Lasher Laboratory Elbert N. and Ann V. Carvel Research and Education Center Georgetown, Delaware 19947 (302) 856-1997 bautista@udel.edu B Department of Animal and Food Sciences Newark, Delaware 19716-2150 (302) 831-2524 College or Department name here Avian Biosciences Center 5 1
10/19/2018 Infectious Bronchitis : Respiratory Form Cold Weather and Respiratory Disease Air sac condemnations Respiratory Dz Complex 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D College or Department name here 7 IBV Vaccination Factors Impacting Respiratory Disease Vaccination Interval Program Between Flocks Breed Bird Density • Use the indicated dose • Good vaccine handling and Ventilation/Ammonia administration to minimize rolling reaction. IB Severity • Consistent vaccine use all season. • Good biosecurity to break the Source: Dr. Mark Jackwood Bacterial disease cycle Immunosupression Infections College or Department name here 10 Seasonality of Adverse ILT Vaxn Reaction Vaccinal ILT • Relatively well controlled in 2016-17 through Live CEO ILT Vaccine Reaction 10 – CEO and Recombinant ILT vaxn 9 – Increased biosecurity 8 7 6 • Very few recent field breaks have very mild clinical signs and 5 severity, previous flock vaccinated with CEO derived LT vaxn. 4 3 • Whole genome sequencing of a recent field ILTV is 99.9 similar to a 2 1 commercial CEO-derived live ILT vaxn (Calvin Keeler lab). 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M College or Department name here College or Department name here 11 12 2
10/19/2018 Respiratory Dz Detections in Backyard Chicken Flock Necropsy Cases (n=49 flocks) Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection 14 12 • Detected in a breeder flock in Dec 2017, limited spread to broiler 10 progeny due to enactment of biosecurity measures. • 8 Clear vertical transmission. Did not spread to other flocks or companies. 6 • Genotyping results indicate a backyard flock chicken origin. 4 • All respiratory cases at Lasher lab( Dec 2017- March 2018) screened for MG and MS in addition to IBV and ILT, and 2 occasionally NDV if indicated. • 0 No more MG detections after March 2018, but targeted passive AI NDV vNDV IBV ILTV MG MS surveillance( suspect respiratory cases) still ongoing. 2017 2018 College or Department name here College or Department name here 13 14 MG air sac lesions MG College or Department name here College or Department name here 15 16 Which Respiratory Disease? MG Control • Control programs should focus on primary and multiplier breeder flocks • Potential reservoirs are long-lived poultry ( backyard flocks, multiple age layer flocks, free-ranging birds) • All in-all out system and short lifespan of broilers work to curtail MG infections in this sector Respiratory Disease RT-PCR Screening Panel in the Diagnostic lab can sort it out in 3hrs. ( AI, NDV, IBV, LT, MG, MS Real Time PCR) College or Department name here 17 3
10/19/2018 Gangrenous Dermatitis IBD: Normal Bursa Gangrenous Dermatitis 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D College or Department name here 19 IBD: Abnormal bursa Poultry Disease Update: Enteric Disease Avian Biosciences Center Coccidiosis Coccidiosis Necrotic Enteritis 35 Coccidiosis 25 30 20 25 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D College or Department name here College or Department name here 23 24 4
10/19/2018 Necrotic Enteritis/Dysbacteriosis Necrotic Enteritis Risk Factors caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria • Antibiotic- Free Flock Programs • Coccidiosis infection – Field infection, aggressive cocci vaccine cycling • Certain Feed Ingredients – High in Wheat/Barley, Bakery Meal, High DDGS – Ingredient quality issues( DDGS, SBM nutrient inhibitors) • Stocking Density/Stress • Poor Husbandry /Stress College or Department name here College or Department name here 25 26 How to reduce cocci and necrotic enteritis • Rotation of cocci feed programs to avoid resistance. Chick Quality Issues • Avoid feed interruptions at all costs! • Avoid stress at all times( stressed birds don’t eat, damaged lining of the gut leads to enteritis) • Smart use of prebiotic and probiotics to condition the gut. • Proper windrowing kills cocci, bacteria and other bugs from previous flock. College or Department name here 28 Chick Quality: Critical Points Chick quality and BCO/ septic lameness • Breeder Farm – Initial egg weight in young breeder flocks • As early as at one-day of – Egg sanitation age – Enteric health • Chicks from all companies • Hatchery – Egg storage time (egg age) (all breeds) – Exploding eggs (“poppers”) during– “In Ovo ” vaccination • Throughout the year – Tray washing and disinfection • Two major components: – Malfunction of separators and conveyors – Poor chick selection 1. Dehydration (undersized • Broiler Farm chicks) – Rough handling during transportation and placement 2. Omphalitis – Brooding conditions Temperature, litters and air quality, water flow, etc. Source: Dr. Miguel Ruano Source: Dr. Miguel Ruano 5
10/19/2018 Unhealed navels & infected yolk sacs - Omphalitis Unhealed Navels Infected Navels Generally, E. coli isolation 32 Chick Post-mortem Retained Yolk Yolk Infection Yolk Infection Dehydration Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard College or Department name here 34 From 1 to 3 weeks of age Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Chronic omphalitis - polyserositis Chronic airsacc. - osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis Bone Abcess Hip Joint Infection Thigh joint infection lame/“wing walkers” at 3 weeks Incubation Stress, Breeder and Hatchery Sanitation issues contribute to poor bone development , bone necrosis, secondary bacterial infection( BCO) 36 6
10/19/2018 Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis Incubation Stress = poor Normal Blood Supply bone dev’t , necrosis, infection What is a good quality chick? • Bright, alert and strong • Fully-fleshed yellow legs • Uniform size • Minimum egg size 19oz/doz • Healed navel Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard 37 Smaller, tired out, weak chicks are harder to start • Free of mechanical defects or infection • Good tolerance of minor environmental fluctuations and vaccination reaction. Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Poor Chick Quality Yolksac Infection • Infection: and Old Breeder Flocks -yolksac infection -navel infection -aspergillosis • Dehydration- Starveout: -small, weak chicks • Injury • Older flocks = Thin shells • Miscellaneous (pasty vents, genetic • Management = Reduced deformations, enlarged hearts) collection frequency Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard 7
10/19/2018 Reduce Yolksac Infection Yolksac Infection and Summer: • Frequent egg collection (even old flocks) • Clean nests, belts • Careful egg handling, avoid breakage • Avoid sweating eggs • Avoid breeder heat stress • Heat Stress = Thin Shells • Nutrition to maintain shell quality • Heat + Humidity = Egg Sweating Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Brooding Hatchery Environment / Management • Hatchery ventilation capability • Machine limitations • Machine management • Temperature • Machine maintenance • Correct pull time • Sanitation • Litter Moisture • Air Movement Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard Important Points! • Temperature • Feed • Water • Air Quality • Lighting Comfort Zone Source: Dr. Charlie Broussard 8
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