1. Pharaoh is the Egyptian word meaning Great House. The Egyptians used it as another name for their kings. Whom they believed were living gods on earth. 2. Dynasty is a term used to describe a series of rulers from the same family 3. Vizier was the second most powerful person in ancient Egypt. He was the pharaoh’s advisor and helped him run the day-to-day affairs in Egypt. Thursday, March 27, 2014
What was the double crown? • The double crown was a symbol for the unification of upper and lower Egypt. It combined the white crown of Upper Egypt, which was shaped like a bowling pin with the red crown of Lower Egypt, which was shaped like a box. According to legend after Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt all pharaohs wore this crown to symbolize the uniting of the two lands upper & Lower Egypt. Thursday, March 27, 2014
Why did Menes/Narmer and the pharaohs that followed him wear the double crown? • It was to symbolize the joining of the two lands Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom. It showed that Egypt was now one land ruled by one king. It also symbolized the pharaoh had complete control over all the land. How was uniting upper and Lower Egypt like uniting our original 13 colonies? • Uniting upper and Lower Egypt was like uniting our 13 colonies because in both cases independent small territories became one large nation. By joining together they became larger and more powerful than the individual pieces. This allowed both nations to become dominant civilizations in their respective periods of history. Thursday, March 27, 2014
Why were the pharaohs of ancient Egypt so powerful? • The pharaohs were considered to be gods on earth. The pharaohs owned and controlled all of the land under the sun in ancient Egypt. They were also the religious leaders for the entire country and they controlled the military. The people of Egypt believed that if they obeyed the pharaoh there would be order in the universe and not chaos. In addition they would be rewarded in the afterlife if they served the gods and obeyed them on earth. Thursday, March 27, 2014
Compare and contrast a pharaoh with a king • Kings and Pharaohs were similar in that both had absolute power and they passed their power to their sons or daughters. Both Kings and pharaohs had court officials who helped them make decisions and run the country. Both were expected to protect and help their people. Pharaohs were different because they were believed to be and treated like gods on earth. Kings were believed to have been chosen by God to rule the kingdom for him. Thursday, March 27, 2014
How was the organization of the Egyptian government like that of our government? • Both nations/civilizations are/were so large that it is impossible for one person to rule by themselves. Both governments are large and are broken down into different departments with specific roles and responsibilities. For example in ancient Egypt the Pharaoh appointed tax collectors. Our government created the IRS to collect taxes. Both governments had a military to defend themselves. Each had courts to hear and settle disputes. Thursday, March 27, 2014
Old Kingdom ! • 2750 BC to 2260 BC • King Menes/Narmer, Zoser, Khufu (Cheops) Sneferu, Khafre, Menaure • Built Great Pyramids, 360 day calendar, irrigation systems, Sphinx is carved, Mummification of bodies, Writing Hieroglyphs Thursday, March 27, 2014
Middle Kingdom ! • 2061 BC to 1784 BC ! • Senusret I II III, Amenemhet I - IV • Egypt expands into lower Nubia, first schools are built, literature and the arts flourish, canal connected Red Sea to Nile is constructed. New Kingdom ! • 1570 BC to 1070 BC • Queen Hathshepsut, T utankhamen, Rames II, Thutmose I – IV, Seti I Smenkhkare, Nefertiti • Many large and beautiful temples & statues are constructed, Egypt dominates ancient world and expands its territories. Thursday, March 27, 2014
1. Menes/Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt into one land. Future pharaohs had absolute power over the land and were religious as well as political leaders. 2. During the first 6 dynasties, which made up the Old Kingdom, Egypt had able rulers and an efficient system of government. 3. Pharaohs built huge armies of foot soldiers, mounted warriors, and war chariots. 4. Hatshepsut and Thutmose III were both strong rulers. Hatshepsut preserved peace and encouraged trade. Thutmose III led his armies as far east as the Euphrates River. Thursday, March 27, 2014
1. Menes/Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt into one land. Future pharaohs had absolute power over the land and were religious as well as political leaders. 2. During the first 6 dynasties, which made up the Old Kingdom, Egypt had able rulers and an efficient system of government. 3. Pharaohs built huge armies of foot soldiers, mounted warriors, and war chariots. 4. Hatshepsut and Thutmose III were both strong rulers. Hatshepsut preserved peace and encouraged trade. Thutmose III led his armies as far east as the Euphrates River. 5. Pharaoh 6. Dynasties 7. Regent Thursday, March 27, 2014
1. King Menes(also known as Narmer) united Upper & Lower Egypt around 3100 B.C . 2. A group of government officials to whom the pharaoh delegates many responsibilities. 3. The Hyksos conquered the Egyptians ending the Middle Kingdom. 4. Thutmose III conquered an empire for Egypt. 5. There were three classes that comprised Egyptian society. They were the Upper class consisting of royalty, nobles, and priests. The Middle class comprising of artisans, and merchants. The lower class consisted mainly of farmers and laborers. In addition there was also a slave class. Thursday, March 27, 2014
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