Sustainable Aviation NLR and Partners Research Roland Vercammen Roland Vercammen Nationaal Lucht- en Ruim tevaartlaboratorium – National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Various reasons for sustainable aviation � W orldw ide attention for clim ate change im pact � Fossil fuel is lim ited � Cost reduction due to fuel efficient operations � Environm ental im pact around airports � Acceptance and trust of surrounding com m unities 1
European goals for sustainable aviation Vision 2 0 2 0 / ACARE goals � 50% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometer � 50% reduction in perceived noise per flight � 80% reduction in NOx � Minimise the industries impact on the p global environment Exam ple: 5 0 % CO2 reduction Expected contribution by innovation of: � Aircraft: 2 0 -2 5 % � Engine: 1 5 -2 0 % � ATM: 5 -1 0 % 2
CO2 reduction Necessary to break the trend Enablers a.o. New legislation New flight procedures New generation aircraft W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by: � Regulation � Reduction by the source � Flight procedures 3
Airports w ith Noise and Em issions regulations Exam ple: Schiphol CHAPTER 2 restrictions CHAPTER 2 restrictions CHAPTER 3 restrictions APU operating restrictions Engine run-up restrictions Noise preferential runw ays Flight Track Monitoring System Noise level lim its 4
Spatial planning � Restricted area’s for new houses new houses � Area’s in w hich existing houses should be rem oved � Noise insulation of existing houses EU Em ission Trading Schem e for Aviation � Objective – End goal: reduction of 70% (2050) of the 1990 total emissions i i – Aviation ETS contributes to the compliance to the Kyoto protocol � Design – Cap based on average 2004-2006 emissions. 2012: 3% 2013: 5% 2012: 3% , 2013: 5% , 2020: 30% reduction – At start 85% of the rights are given away for free (based on 2010 data) , 15% auctioned 5
Airport charges ( benchm ark 2 0 0 8 ) Passenger tax ATC costs Noise charge Security costs Em issions charge Airport costs source: Luchtvaartnota, april 2009, Ministry of Transport Project exam ples NLR Noise enforcem ent � Limiting noise levels of individual aircraft based on principle of speed camera � Noise measurements for monitoring: – Monitor: How and what? – Exceeders: E ceede s Who and where? – Address: How and when? 6
Project exam ples NLR New noise legislation system � Replace legislation system with fixed noise limits in 35 points New system: prescribed use of runways and routes due to � 1. Weather (safety, .....) 2. Least noise impact W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by: � Regulation � Reduction by the source � Flight procedures 7
Reduction by the source � Engine noise & em issions � Airfram e noise � New aircraft architectures Engine noise reduction 8
NLR contribution to EU Turnex & Proband projects microphone microphone array y array y rotor leading edge stator rotor trailing edge NLR m icrophone array to locate & quantify rotating broadband noise sources in turbofan engine on both rotor and stator (never been demonstrated before!) Exam ples of NLR projects w ith acoustic m icrophone array technology Fly-over Fo7 0 W ind turbine Landing gear in DNW 9
Engine noise reduction chevron Source: NASA NLR participated in EU SI LENCE( R) project � Fan design � Exhaust Nozzle � Negatively Scarfed I nlet � Up Liner � Zere splice I nlet � Low Freq. Liners � High Freq. Liners � Landing Gear Fairings 10
Em issions reduction – alternative fuels Engine em ission reduction NASA/ GE Unducted NASA/ GE Unducted Fan Dem onstrators 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 11
NLR contribution to EU DREAM project ( valiDation of Radical Engine Architecture systeMs) Open rotors are m ore fuel efficient ( by ~ 2 5 % ) but w hat Open rotors are m ore fuel-efficient ( by ~ 2 5 % ) , but w hat about the noise? For DREAM to answ er, in 2 0 1 1 , by ( acoustic) w ind tunnel tests Aircraft noise reduction 10.0 10.0 Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Average Noise Average Noise B-737-200 B-737-200 Level Relative Level Relative B-737-200 B-737-200 to Chapter 3 to Chapter 3 DC9-10 DC9-10 A A v v e e B-727-200 B-727-200 (EPNdB) (EPNdB) r r i i n n a a g g B-727-100 B-727-100 S S e e e e r r v v i i Chapter 3 Chapter 3 c c B-747-100 B-747-100 e e B-747-200 B-747-200 0.0 0.0 A300B4-620 A300B4-620 B-747-200 B-747-200 B-727-100 B-727-100 B-747-300 B-747-300 DC-10-40 DC-10-40 B-747-SP B-747-SP Chapter 4 Chapter 4 B-747-200 B-747-200 MD-82 MD-82 MD-80 MD-80 A300-600R A300-600R MD-87 MD-87 A300 A300 MD-11 MD-11 757-200 757-200 A330-300 A330-300 A310-222 A310-222 B-737-800 B-737-800 A310-300 A310-300 B-737-900 B-737-900 A320-200 A320-200 A320-232 A320-232 767-300ER 767-300ER 777-200 777-200 747-400 747-400 A318-112 A318-112 MD-90-30 MD-90-30 A340-541 A340-541 NASA NASA -10.0 -10.0 Technology Technology Goal Goal 1960 1960 1970 1970 1980 1980 1990 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010 2020 2020 Year of Entry (Approximate) Year of Entry (Approximate) Source: NASA 12
Aircraft fuel/ em issions reduction NLR contribution to EU NACRE project ( New Aircraft Concepts REsearch) Shielding & reflection of noise NLR computation 13
NLR contribution to Clean Sky Joint Technology I nitiative SMART Wing Aircraft Regional Air Transport Green Engines Technology Evaluator 2 years 2 years 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years First Definition First Definition Refined Definition Refined Definition of ecology efficiency of ecology efficiency of ecology efficiency of ecology efficiency Simulator Platform AC, ATM, AP (flight segment) ATS Model Green Rotorcraft Rotorcraft Systems for Green Operation Eco-Design Linked to “SESAR” Joint Undertaking Linked to “SESAR” Joint Undertaking Future aircraft architectures 14
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by: � Regulation � Reduction by the source � Flight procedures Reduction by flight procedures 15
Departure procedures NLR contribution to EU Sourdine projects 7000 2134 Continuous Descent Approach Altitude (ft / m) 1180-1075 m 3000 914 2000 2000 610 2 8 ,3 1 3 ,5 1 1 ,9 9 ,4 0 5 2 ,4 2 5 ,0 2 2 ,0 1 7 ,4 0 Distance to threshold (NM / km) 16
Continuous Descent Approach Continuous Descent Approach Current procedures Continuous Descent Approaches Lden contour 58 dB(A) 53 dB(A) 48 dB(A) 17
NLR contribution to EU OPTI MAL project ETMA Required w orking m ethod to enable Continous Descent Continous Descent TMA Approaches OPTI MAL I ntegration in European Airspace Current: 100-200 km Required: ~ 220 km Conceptual 18
OPTI MAL I ntegration in European Airspace But there are more airports.... -> flow management Conceptual SESAR: project aim s Environm ent Environm ent Capacity x3 Capacity x3 S f t 1 0 Safety x 1 0 ATM cost/ flight ATM t/ fli ht im pact -1 0 % -5 0 % 19
NLR contribution to SESAR Environm ent Capacity Safety • Not decided yet • Airport Operations Centre • Operations in Adverse W eather Conditions • I ntegration of airport ( airline/ ground/ atc) processes • Advanced-Surface Movem ent Guidance and Control System s W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by: � Regulation � Reduction by the source � Flight procedures I nform ation Managem ent I f ti M t 20
I nform ation Managem ent Lden, NAx and TAx NAx Lden TAx 21
Virtual Com m unity Noise Sim ulator ( VCNS) W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by: � Regulation � Reduction by the source � Flight procedures I I nform ation Managem ent f ti M t Conclusions 22
Conclusions � EU Vision 2 0 2 0 provides am bitious targets � 50% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometer � 50% reduction in perceived noise per flight � 80% reduction in NOx 80% d ti i NO � Sm all up to large ( EU) program s contribute to obtain these targets � NLR and partners “ Break the trend ” “ Make the difference ” and “ Shift Paradigms ” Future .... sustainable aviation..... 23
24
Recommend
More recommend