#1: Meeting of Estates General - May, 1789 SUMMARY: Under the Old Regime , the people of France were divided into three social classes or “Estates”. These were the 1 st Estate (clergy), the 2 nd Estate (nobility) and everyone else (the 3 rd Estate) who paid all the taxes but had no official say in making laws. By 1789, France faced bankruptcy because of overspending by King Louis XVI and his family. The King was forced to call a meeting of representatives of each estate called the Estates General. This had not happened for 175 years. Each estate was to get one vote at the meeting. EXPLANATION: The 1 st & 2 nd Estates together had always outvoted the 3 rd Estate and this is what King Louis XVI expected at the meeting of the Estates General in 1789. However, the Enlightenment influenced middle class delegates of the 3 rd Estate. These educated middle class men were called the Bourgeoisie. Some of them wanted to use the Estates General meeting as an opportunity to change the absolute monarchy system. IMAGE: This cartoon illustrates how the 3 rd Estate (common people) felt they were chained and unfairly carrying the burden of By Mr. Kelemen the King and other Estates (clergy & nobility) on their back.
#2: National Assembly Created w/ Tennis Court Oath Summary ry: The Nation ional As Assem sembly bly was a revo volution ionary ry assembly that was formed in the months of June and July in 1789. The 3rd estate sends a delegate te to represent members of the Bourgeoisie, whose views were shaped by the enlig ighten tenment, and wanted to make changes in the government. Each of the three states were to meet together and each delegate te had a vote. On June 17, 1789 the national assembly was established, the first deliberate act of revol volutio ion. 3 days later, the tennis is cou court rt oath was signed. After being locked out of their chamber, they fled to a nearby indoor tennis court. In there, they signed the “ Tennis is Cou ourt rt Oath ” . "Never to separate, and to meet wherever circumstances demand, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and affirmed on solid foundations” 576 men signed the oath. They followed through with their pledge to the oath until the Constit itution ion was signed. Expl planati tion on: These events mattered because they made the 1st and 2nd estates rid of their unfair ir feudal privileges. They eventually gained traction when the ki king had to recognize the group due to their large size and their growing following. They also set up the whole revol volution ion itself, by igniting the Storm orming ing of of Bastil tille. Later, they provided a Reform ormatio ion-esque phrase stating “Man is born and remains free and equal in rights” These events also set a pre rece cede dent to how revolu volutio tions can be effective in uprooting an unjust governme rnment. Delegates take their pledge to the Tennis Court Oath
Battle of Bastille #3 Heather r Alexander r and C Connor Jenki kins Summary: The Battle of Bastille occurred on July 14, 1789. This happened because their were rumors about foreign troops coming in to attack people who lived in France. So people started to gather weapons. Knowing the prison would have them they raided it so they could take the weapons to defend themselves better. It also was a symbol of the king because it was where he kept all the prisoners that went against him. It escalated quickly to the people attacking the prison and walking down the street with the guards’ head on the stick. Explanation: The reason the people attacked it was it represented the Royal authority at the center of paris and by destroying it showed how they were going to destroy Royal authority, mainly the king. Containing lots of guns, ammo and gun powder it would help fuel the revolution. The prison only had several prisoners because most of them had been shipped off. The fall of the prison was a major point during the revolution and is still celebrated today because it was the first thing that showed the people wanted their freedom and was the first step over the edge. Image: This pictures shows all of the 3rd estate people attacking the Bastille so they could get weapons to defend themselves against the French army that was rumored was coming
#4: Great Fear/ Women’s March of Versailles By Eli Arrick, Jacob October, 1789 Zimmerman, Maddie Lerner Summary: Rumors spread around France that Nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize peasants, sparking the Great fear. Many peasants began to riot and destroy legal papers. In 1789, many Parisian women stormed d Versa saill lles es and demanded cheaper food and the return of Marie e Antoinette to Paris. Explanation: During this time period, women were typically responsible for feeding their families. The scarci cities s of b bread sparked them into fear, and the women rioted against st the k king demanding cheaper bread. This riot shows that people are starting to fight for the bread and the breadless starving peasants are angry and shouting “Bread! Bread!.” Image: The top image is depicting woman angry at the king and queen for raising the price of bread. The bottom image is of a prison the Royal family is being brought to in Paris.
#5: Declaration of Rights of Man Issued - August, 1789 By Miguel S. and Will B. Summa mary ry: The National Assembly adopted a statement called the Declaration of the Rights of Man, stating that men(not women) are born and remain free and equal in rights. It gave rights to everyone such as liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Explanat lanation ion: The peasants attacking/revolting prompted the noblemen to make speeches stating how they loved liberty, freedom, and equal rights for all citizens, which ended the Old Regime, they did this out of fear. Only 3 weeks later a list is officially released describing all the rights what made all men free and equal. Which is a huge contrast to the previous method of forcefully making people believe that the king was Absolute. French Artists demonstrating the importance and empowerment the new rights gave.
#6: King Louis XVI and Family Captured Fleeing France - June 20-21, 1791 SUMMARY: In the early summer of 1791, King Louis s XVI, I, Marie e Antoin toinette ette and their family attempted to escape past the borders of France. They were captured at Varenn nnes s after being recognized at an earlier stop they made on their way out of the country. Explanation: He wanted to initiate a counte nter-re revo volutio lution in which he would have asked for help from other abso solute lute monarc rch. He did so because the people in his country were revolting against his ruling (revolting ng against st absolutism lutism), feeling mistreated by their ruler. IMAGE: This image shows a group of soldiers invading a by Riley Brum and Will Goltra building where King Louis XVI and his family were staying. Additionally, it shows them being captured and arrested in Varennes.
#7 France At War With Austria & Prussia - Summer of 1792 Summary: The changes happening in France caused many other European countries to fear revolutionary ideas might reach them. Austria and Prussia asked that Louis restore his position as absolute monarch, and the Legislative Assembly responded by declaring war. In the summer of 1792, Prussian forces began to advance on Paris. They threatened to destroy the city if and members of the royal family were harmed. On August 10, 20,000 people invaded the Tuileries, the palace of the royal family, killing the royal guards and capturing Louis and his family. After hearing that imprisoned supporters of the king planned to break out and take control of the city, citizens decided to take on the law. They raided prisons and murdered more than 1,000 prisoners, along with nobles and royalist sympathizers. As a result of pressure, the Legislative Assembly created a constitution that removed the monarchy, and a new legislature was elected. They were called the National Convention and they took office September 21. Explanation: The French Revolution started within France and then later spread to other countries like Austria and Prussia. This caused many wars and hundreds to thousands of deaths. The Revolution became an issue for the kings and monarchs ruling over Austria and Prussia, because it sparked ideas to the civilians about revolting against the government. So the kings sent armies out to stop the spread of the Revolution into their countries, allowing them to continue to hold positions of power over society. Overall the revolution sparked violence within France and other nearby countries. Image: (right) The painting illustrates the battlefield where French troops challenged Austrian Troops. By: Josh Katz and Mitsy Cante
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