EXISTING STUDIES & RESEARCH Diocese of St. Albans Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 1 2 3 FIELDWORK & ANALYSIS (DATABASE) WILLIAM SMITH: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF BEDFORDSHIRE 1820 QUARTZ (SILICA) PARTICLES THIN SECTION (TYPICAL SANDSTONE) Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 4 5 6 DURABILITY … AND THE INFLUENCE OF BEDDING IRON RICH COMPOUNDS GLAUCONITE … ‘UPPER’ GREENSAND WORKABILITY … RANDOM & SQUARED RUBBLE Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 7 8 9
COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS QUARRY FACE: SANDY LODGE OLD QUARRY: BACK STREET, CLOPHILL Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 10 11 12 SHALLOW WORKINGS (DELVE): RAMMAMERE HEATH MEDIEVAL USAGE + 19th CENTURY RESTORATION & REBUILDING MEDIEVAL USAGE: OLD ST. MARY’S, CLOPHILL LITTLE BRICKHILL (restored 1864-58) HUSBORNE CRAWLEY (part rebuilt 1911) MAULDEN (rebuilt 1858-9 by Benjamin Ferrey) Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 13 14 15 MEDIEVAL USAGE: PACKHORSE BRIDGE, SUTTON POST MEDIEVAL USAGE: GIRTFORD BRIDGE (1780–82) POST MEDIEVAL USAGE: 19th CENTURY CHURCHES, SCHOOLS & HOUSES STEPPINGLEY SCHOOL (1877-8) SILSOE CHURCH (1829-31) HAYNES PARK LODGE (1873) Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 16 17 18
SUTTON PARK HOUSE (1858) NEW SPRING PUMPING STATION, ETC. (1906) CONTEXT: SANDSTONE BUILDINGS 43 SANDSTONE CHURCHES & CHAPELS: 33 x WHOLLY OR NEARLY ALL SANDSTONE 08 x WITH MAJOR SANDSTONE ELEMENTS 02 x CONTAINING SOME SANDSTONE IN GREENSAND COUNTRY (1km BUFFER ZONE) 71 SANDSTONE CHURCHES IN TOTAL: • FURTHEST NORTH = ROXTON (BEDS) • FURTHEST SOUTH = TODDINGTON (BEDS) • FURTHEST EAST = COCKAYNE HATLEY (BEDS) • FURTHEST WEST = DRAYTON PARSLOW (BUCKS) ALSO SOME 50 NOTABLE BUILDINGS IN + AROUND THE STUDY AREA Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 19 20 21 CONTEXT: SANDSTONE CHURCHES MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES: UNOCCUPIED FARM OUTBUILDINGS Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 22 23 24 MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES: BRIDGES AND PARTS OF BRIDGES MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES: MISCELLANEOUS NUMBERS 505 MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES: 10 x UNOCCUPIED FARM BUILDINGS 09 x BRIDGES OR PARTS OF BRIDGES (POSSIBLY 10) 05 X GARDEN STRUCTURES 04 x LYCHGATES 04 x MODERN VILLAGE GATEWAYS 03 x CHURCHYARD BUILDINGS 02 x SURROUNDS TO VILLAGE PUMPS 10 x MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES BUS SHELTER; WAR MEMORIAL, VILLAGE LOCKUP; WELL; ICEHOUSE; ARCHWAY + SCREEN; SEAT; DOVECOTE; BASE OF VILLAGE CROSS + SUNDIAL SCULPTURE 91% MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES = WALLS Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 25 26 27
… MAINLY WALLS … OF WHICH THERE ARE MANY TYPES SQUARED RUBBLE = 17% RANDOM RUBBLE = 83% UNCOURSED = 1% SNECKED = 5% UNCOURSED = 51% COURSED = 29% BROUGHT TO COURSES = 22% REGULARLY COURSED = 72% POLYGONAL = 14% DIAGONAL + HERRINGBONE = 6% Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 28 29 30 COPINGS, OPENINGS & OTHER MATERIALS DISTRIBUTION BY PARISH DISTRIBUTION BY LOCATION 505 MINOR SANDSTONE STRUCTURES: GREAT BRICKHILL = 109 (21.6%) HEATH & REACH = 64 (12.7%) CLOPHILL = 49 (9.7%) SILSOE = 36 (7.1%) LITTLE BRICKHILL = (35) 6.9% POTTON = 33 (6.5%) MAULDEN = 30 (5.9%) BOW BRICKHILL = 22 (4.4%) ASPLEY GUISE = 21 (4.2%) NORTHILL = 13 (2.6%) SANDY = 11 (2.2%) 82 (16.2%) SPREAD AROUND 23 OTHER PARISHES (MAX. 10 IN ANY ONE) 80% = CONSERVATION AREAS 65% CENTRAL BEDS + 23.2% AYLESBURY VALE + 11.7% MILTON KEYNES Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 31 32 33 DENSE & LOOSE CONCENTRATIONS (CLUSTERS) DENSE & LOOSE CLUSTERS; GROUPS & CHURCH GROUPINGS SCALE, LOCATION, USAGE, GROUPING & CONTEXT KEY TO LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS … … SANDSTONE STRUCTURES ‘BELONG’ IN SOME PLACES BUT NOT IN OTHERS DENSE: GREAT BRICKHILL LOOSE: POTTON GROUP: STEPPINGLEY CHURCH GROUP: OLD LINSLADE Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Diocese of St. Albans: Church Architects & Surveyors Summer Workshop Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy Christopher Garrand Consultancy 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 30th June 2017 SANDSTONE STRUCTURES IN THE GREENSAND COUNTRY 34 35 36
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