in Britain: 12 in practice geology Engineering 3a:a oresen:a:ion, areserva:ion anc recovery by ADRIAN P. HUMPHREYS", BSc, CEng, FIMM, MIWES, FGS, FlnstPet notebooks, standard the laboratory of their own invention. using 'A principles bols During knowledge of geologicai print-outs. there forms and sometimes computer 1939-45 war post-war years, credit to the and tend to secure would preserva- There is more chance of record a slow, but accelerating trend to society was initially advantage the engineer and in the field as towards in the laboratory than tion civil engineering and geology he was placed....'. in in which static, the former remains comparatively standardisation engineer- B. Smith, 1849 an improved in space is often of storage although lack geology. ing considered a problem. Since 1957 most geo- engineers and HIS SALT the engineering TO BE WORTH reports to the client recom- The formal usually to the or logists have conformed present the engineer geologist must interpreta- incorporate distillation and in the BSI Code of a mendations outlined information that is intelligible, client with avail- of the 'information and data No. 2001 on Site Investigation, tion possible Practice accurate, dependable and if that conclusions drawn from 'is at present in the revision pro- able with which that this informa- repeatable. It is vital cross- plans, drawings, cess. material. Maps, recoverable. easily tion is preserved and sections, diagrams, graphs, for photographs, The International Organisation in cases of complexity actual been working tables and Standardisation (ISO) has Site and dient requirements to facilitate the are an acceptable suite of standards models prepared towards needs its own Each s'ite is unique and structure of the sub-surface drafted some understanding for some years and has site investigation based on the individual a project. the 'involved These not and problems in reports. have yet preliminary safety econom'ic require- and efficiency, are preserved, but open discussion These items usually received wide circulation, There- for the structure proposed. ments in toto and for posterity. acceptance in the UK. not necessarily or much general must be aimed fore data and information was the pub- The next major advance of the sub-surface to maximise knowledge Types of records in 1970 of the Geologice'I Society lication each cl'ient at that s'ite. However, usually Re- ex- geologist Group's Working Party The engineering initially for Engineering available has stringently limited funds of rock cores for en- sources of information, port on the logging amines existing the site investigation. is followed the data relevant purposes. This by verifying and evaluating gineering the judgement of the At this point and consideration to the project. then prepares geologists is new He engineering by the engineer- consulting engineer aided to possible modifi- artific'ially made given its notes from natural and now being recommends those 'investi- geologist ing five years'ractical usage. soil outcrops in the field, from cation after rock and him to complete wrl'I enable gations which Society obtained mechanical means 1972 another Geological samples by In the most reasonable the design stage 'in Report test and Working Party such as pits, drilling, boring Engineering Group time with the unknown or partially known at the site. of maps of 'investigetron was published on the preparation other forms to the bare minimum. factors reduced re- in terms of engineering geology. These records are then collated, field and plans site or labora- Subsequent investigations to also wide- for the report. Adherence th'is report is viewed and interpreted to be testing can usually arranged tory book- copies of both these are made books, Field records in field on- spread and or superficial modification perm'it Soc- the Geological on to magnetic tape 'in a pocket recorder lets, obtainable from con- design readjustment during going plans or forms sup- cost, should be on every and on to field maps, iety at minimal struction. bookshelf. coloured reference and working plemented ideally by ground this series have Prev'ious articles in the rise of computerised To facilitate With the potential and/or air photographs. methods, indi- site investigation outlined it seem that in- standard description data storage, would descriptive work, are either areas where techniques cating be wh'ich ensure that creased standardisation will required sequences are employed These in- developed or evolving. already fact omitted. for all records. no vital inadvertently is studies, rotary geolog'ical field clude can 'be used to provide a Pen or pencil percussion boring, geophysics, drilling, Record sources end result. On maps clear and unequivocal ground- aerial photography, seismology, it is ad- 'is used cover: and where pencil rock mec- Records plans soil mechanics, water geology, visable to ink in the field slips the same 1. observa- Field measurements and testing. and laboratory hanics, field the aspect interpre- evening, unless is tions even from a small part Interpretation and ob- on later information. 2. tative and dependent Laboratory measurements completed of this of investigations range may be coloured as th'is will Field records servations records for a specific site could include en- Coloured geological 3. for the often clarify a map. Reports and drawings sources require different and from many be quite cheapfy repro- maps can now gineer and client. of complete, repre- examination detai'led to preferable observations duced and are generally Field measurements and Conclusions sentative or spot samples. maps. or description black-and-wh~ite are made instruments wide of by drawn from a very range are of the original fieldwork should notebooks, magnetic Copies field survey notes, tests, using laboratory samples, field and or standard forms. be kept: tape, field maps, plans To secure efli- and reports. plans, maps by the engineer, these the basis for interpreta- (i) As are preserva- cient, examination and orderly at site, and should be pre- (ii) of 'ecords, tion and reporting they etandardisation all tion in by the engineering geologist. the written. (iii) served after report is desirable and usually forms is highly are rock or soil samples are taken these basic records Where Unfortunately attainable. or spot samples, these as cores, cuttings lost to a epecific site as an indivi- often or be kept in appropriate containers notebooks should moves on, taking his dual Standardisation the engineer may require him. Some basic at s'ite, although even his field maps with standards the geology Engineering in a suite of representative samples at his when the report records are destroyed set by en- UK were individual originally office. because the operator main is completed merely engineering geologists using gineers and description of rock or soil an to store them. The in does not wish and other sym- classical symbolism both and observa- should be entered underground opening Laboratory measurements one for on a borehole log and a suitable testing techniques, tions are made by Wale, Kerves Lane, vConsulting geologist, Kerves of most is that recommended or combination both purposes by description a Sussex Horsham, 1976 33 November,
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