World dairy goat sector Ir. Emiel J.B.M. van Haaren Goat/Sheep - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

World dairy goat sector Ir. Emiel J.B.M. van Haaren Goat/Sheep Business Consultant

Presentation Set-Up • Production systems Capriscope • Intensive systems • Activities: • Extensive systems • Farm design • The Netherlands • Management guidance • Factors influencing milk production • Business plan development • Climate and season • Nutritional advise • Feed • Feasibility study • Housing • Projects • Breeds • Overview • European Dairy breeds • Sequence • Asian Dairy Breeds • African Dairy Breeds • Genetics World Dairy Goat Sector • Heritability • Goat milk versus cow milk • Genomic selection • Artificial insemination • Goat dairy world wide • Management • Share • Prolonged Lactations • Production growth • Continents 2

Capriscope 3

Activities: Farm Design 4

Activities: Management Guidance 5

Activities: Business plan Development 6

Activities: Nutritional advise 7

Activities: Feasibility Study • Market research • Infrastructure requirements • Budgets • Herd flow tables • Building designs 8

Projects: Overview 9

Projects: Sequence 1. Healthy goats 2. Budget, market 3. Size of the farm 4. Feeding system 5. Milking system 6. Breeding system 7. Farm design 8. Education 9. Management control 10

Woldwide Dairy Goat Sector 11

Goat milk vs cow milk Goat milk Cow Milk (full fat) Energy (kcal) 67 64 Lactose (g) 4.2 4.6 Protein (g) 3.7 3.3 Caseine (g) 2.9 2.7 Fat (g) 3.9 3.6 Sodium (mg) 42 45 Calcium (mg) 127 120 1 Phosphor (mg) 109 92 Potassium (mg) 181 141 Zinc (mg) 0.26 0.36 Vitamin B2 (mg) 0.15 0.18 Vitamin B12 (µg) 0.07 0.41 Vitamin A (µg) 74 31 1 Vitamin D (µg) 0.25 0.174 12 Source: Nutrinews (2005)

Goat milk vs cow milk (2) • Lightly digestible • Better fat content (digestibility and use) • Better mineral use (calcium, magnesium, copper and iron) • Good alternative in case of cow-milk allergy 13

Goat dairy worldwide: Consumption • Fresh milk • Milk dried • Cheese (523.040 tonnes) • Yoghurt • Ice cream • Butter 14

Goat dairy world wide: Share Worldwide milk yearly milk production Milk Cow Buffalo Goat Sheep Camel Total production Amount 600 826 92 473 17 367 10 091 2365 723 123 (tonnes) Share (%) 83.1 12.8 2.4 1.4 0.3 100 Source: FAOSTAT (2012) 15

Goat dairy world wide: Production growth 1200 20000 Milk production (x 1.000.000 kg) 18000 Number of all goats (x 1.000.000) 1000 16000 14000 800 12000 600 10000 8000 400 6000 4000 Number of goats 200 2000 Milk production 0 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Year 16 Source: FAOSTAT (2014)

Goat dairy world wide: Continents Total number of goats (%) Africa Northern America Asia Europe Milk production (%) Africa Northern America Asia Europe Source: FAOSTAT (2014) 17

Goat dairy world wide: Top countries Milk production per goat Total national milk production 1. India (28%) 1. Luxembourg 2. Bangladesh (15%) 2. Germany 3. Sudan (6%) 3. Netherlands 4. Pakistan (4%) 4. France 5. France (3%) 5. Israel Southern Asia contributes to ± 50% of goat milk production world wide Source: FAOSTAT (2014) 18

Goat dairy world wide: The Netherlands Number of farms Number of goats (right axis) Source: ABN AMRO (2015) 19

Goat dairy world wide: The Netherlands (2) year price Average 2006-2014 price Netherlands price France 20 Source: ABN AMRO (2015)

Production systems: extensive A goat is a poor (wo) man’s cow • Multipurpose animal (meat, milk, skin, fibre and manure) • Easy adaptable to housing conditions, diets and climate • Easy to be raised in landless systems • Small size (little aliments + young slaughter age) • Milk is easy digestible and nutritious • Little quantity of milk and meat, so no storage problems (home consumption) 21

Production systems: Intensive • Growing world market for goat dairy • Positive sector image • Large variety of goat dairy products • Easy digestible and nutritious milk • Lesser allergic problems of goat milk 22

Production systems: The Netherlands Conventional (83%) Organic (17%) • 500-4000 goats • 400-800 goats • Many first generation farms • Grazing • Large variation between • At least 60% roughage farms • Intern/extern roughage production • Housed indoors 23

Factors influencing milk production per goat Breeds and genetics Management system Age and parity (Udder) Health Climate Season Feed Housing 24

Climate & Season • Goats are adaptable to extreme climates • Use local breeds and or cross breeds • Seasonal breeders versus a-seasonal breeders (tropical breeds) • Winter dip (cold climates) 25

Feed Intensive systems: Extensive systems: • Total mixed ration Forages and by-products: • Concentrates + forage • Grazing/browsing • Cut and carry 26

Housing: Indoors • Deep litter stables • Slatted floors • Animal density • Hygiene • Stable climate 27

Breeds • 570 goat breeds world wide • Single dairy purpose: 69 breeds • Originating from: • Europe (50%) • Asia (27%) • Africa (11%) • Dual purpose • Meat 28

Dairy breeds: European Saanen: The “Holstein Friesian” of dairy goats Toggenburg Alpine • Widely exported around the world Year production 300-2000 kg* Daily yield 1-6 kg Lactation length 150-300 days** * 1000-1200 kg/year in top producing countries ** Long lactations are common 29

Dairy breeds: Asian Originating from India and Pakistan Seasonal breeders or a-seasonal breeders (tropics and subtropics) Jamnapari goat Year production 200-600 kg Daily yield 1.5-3.5 kg Lactation length 170-200 days 30

Dairy breeds: African Dual purpose or dairy breed Seasonal breeders or a-seasonal breeders (tropics and subtropics) Boer goat: Widely exported for meat production Red Sokoto Year production 100-500 kg Daily yield 0.5-2 kg Lactation length 100-200 days 31

Genetics Up to 50 % of the variation is found WITHIN breeds • Milk yield • Milk quality (fat & protein) • Longevity • Udder conformation and health • Animal health • Legs & feet • Feed conversion efficiency • Reproductive efficiency 32

Genetics: Heritability Heritability of traits varies between breeds Saanen Trait Heritability* Milk yield 0.20 Protein yield 0.30 Fat yield 0.29 *A heritability of 1 = purely due to genetic factors A heritability of 0 = due to non-genetic factors Genetic improvement of goat herd • (Genomic) selection of goats • AI or ET 33

Genetics: Genomic Selection Identifying genomic markers for production traits • Rapid identification of (un)desirable traits • Accurate selection of elite breeding stock • Shorten generation interval • Accelerate genetic improvement 34

Genetics: Artificial insemination • Practiced on small-scale • Only possible in multiparous goats Advantages: • Genetic improvement of next generation (does or bucks!) • Introduction of new genes in your herd • No disease transmission from buck to goat 35

Genetics: Artificial insemination (2) • Estrus synchronization • Sperm collection • Sperm analysis, dilution and storage • Insemination 36

Management: Prolonged lactations Lactations from 2-7 years • Less problems around kidding • No drop in milk-production before milking • More homogenous milk-production year round • Less disease occurrence • Stable milk quality • Stable feed rations • Longevity • Lower replacement rate (<30%) • Higher lifetime production (>14%) 37

Management: Prolonged lactations Standard No dry period Prolonged lactations Source: Rapport 97 (2007), Duurmelken bij geiten , Animal Science Group, Wageningen UR 38

Conclusion • Dairy goat sector is growing • Traditionally associated with less developed regions • Becoming of larger importance in developed countries • Fast professionalization in intensive systems 39

Th Thank you for your attention! 40