Workshop on Alternative Workshop on Alternative Marine Fuels Marine Fuels Focus: Focus: DME, Methanol, H 2 DME, Methanol, H 2 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, November 16, 2010 November 16, 2010 Ingvar Landälv, Chief Technology Officer, Chemrec AB ������� �����������������
Fuels Covered Fuel What What Price Prod. Potential Multi- Multi- Volumes? time perspective Efficiency, ? fuel fuel frame ? LCA? scenario engines ? s HFO Se Se Se Se Se MDO Se Se Se Se Se Se MGO Se Se Se Se Se Se ULS HFO Se Se Se Se Se Se Env. Diesel Se Se Se Se Se Se NG LNG Item 3 Item 3 Methanol IL Il IL IL IL on on agenda? agenda ? Item 3 Item 3 DME IL Il IL IL IL on on agenda? agenda ? Hydrogen Item 3 Item 3 (IL) (IL) (IL) (IL) (IL) on on *) agenda? agenda ? ������� 2 �����������������
Price Perspective Price Perspective (fossil and renewable) (fossil and renewable) ������� �����������������
Methanol-Gasoline Price Comparison $ / mm Btu 0.054 € / kWh 0.04 € / kWh ������� 4 �����������������
Month Non-discounted Posted Posted ref . price contract Contract price, price, Eur. Asia $/gal $/mt €/mt $/mt Jan-09 $0.70 $233 € 159 $200 Feb-09 $0.70 $233 € 159 $200 Mar-09 $0.65 $216 € 159 $215 Apr-09 $0.60 $200 € 146 $230 May-09 $0.60 $200 € 146 $230 Jun-09 $0.60 $200 € 146 $230 Jul-09 $0.68 $226 € 159 $250 Aug-09 $0.72 $239 € 159 $265 Sep-09 $0.84 $279 € 159 $280 Oct-09 $0.95 $316 € 223 $300 Nov-09 $1.00 $333 € 223 $300 Dec-09 $1.10 $366 € 223 $330 Jan-10 $1.10 $366 € 235 $350 Feb-10 $1.10 $366 € 235 $350 ”Average” $275 €200 $275 0.036 0.036 0.036 Source: €/kWh €/kWh €/kWh Methanex ������� �����������������
Price Levels of some Key Commodities Commodity € / kWh (approx.) Crude at 80 USD/bbl 0.035 Gasoline at refinery gate, 0.045 NW Europe (0.4€/lit) Diesel at refinery gate, NW Europe 0.041 (0.4€/lit) Methanol, contract price (average 0.036 Jan -09 to March -10) Rotterdam, (200€/t � � � � 250 USD/t ) DME, estimate based on methanol 0.037-0.038 price ������� �����������������
Prices of some energy carriers (w/o taxes) • Crude oil at 80 USD/barrel equals about 0.035 €/kWh • Gasoline - at 0.4 €/l equals 0.045 €/kWh - at 0.5 €/l equals 0.056 €/kWh (today´s Swedish pump price) • Diesel - at 0.4 €/l equals 0.041 €/kWh - at 0.5 €/l equals 0.051 €/kWh (today´s Swedish pump price) • Methanol at 200 €/mt equals 0.036 €/kWh • DME has approximately the same production cost as MeOH on an energy basis. • Transportation and storage will be more expensive for MeOH and DME compared to gasoline and diesel due to lower energy density and smaller volumes plus that DME has to be handled as LPG! ������� 7 �����������������
Lowest Product Cost (Bioenergy to FT Diesel and DME) Source: 60 Chemrec CHOREN 50 FZK BtL production costs [€/GJ] TU Wien 40 Abengoa CFB Abengoa EF 30 CUTEC 20 10 €14-16 / MWh ~ $2 / gal EU 0 diesel ekv. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total biomass provision costs at BtL plant [€/GJ] ~ € 0.4 / lit. US diesel ekv. ������� �����������������
Production Principles Production Principles ������� �����������������
The Route via Gasification to Fuels Syntetic CO 2 Diesel (FTD) Coal Coal Methanol Heavy oils Heavy oils GASIFICATION DME DME (DiMetylEter Natural Gas Natural Gas DiMetylEter) Syngas Syngas (CO+H2) (CO+H2) Hydrogen Biomass Biomass Chemicals Black liquor Black liquor SNG ������� 11/19/2010 10 �����������������
In Focus in this Presentation Syntetic CO 2 Diesel (FTD) Coal Coal Methanol Heavy oils Heavy oils GASIFICATION DME DME (DiMetylEter Natural Gas Natural Gas DiMetylEter) Syngas Syngas (CO+H2) (CO+H2) Hydrogen Biomass Biomass Chemicals Black liquor Black liquor SNG ������� 11/19/2010 11 �����������������
Pressurized, O 2 -blown Gasification – General Scheme Oxygen CO 2 Air Steam separation Power Sulphur Sulphur Management Gasi- Feedstock Rawgas fication Gas cooling Gas Purification Slag product Synthesis gas Synthesis Fuels/Chem. and Power Distillation ������� 11/19/2010 12 �����������������
Production Efficiency Production Efficiency “Well to Wheel” “Well to Wheel” ������� �����������������
Well to Wheel CO2 emissions and total energy consumption for some different path ways 400 Conventional gasoline Total emission of greenhouse gases (g CO2 eqv / km) Conventional diesel Biodiesel: Glycerin as chemical Fuels fron coal, Biodiesel: Glycerin as animal feed CtL US corn-based Syndiesel: Coal 300 ethanol Syndiesel: Natural gas Syndiesel: Biomass Gasoline & Syndiesel: Black liquor diesel DME: Coal DME: Natural gas 200 DME: Biomass DME: Black liquor EtOH: Wheat, straw CHP, DDGS as AF EtOH: Sugar cane (Brazil) EtOH: Wheat, straw CHP, DDGS fuel Cellulosic 100 EtOH: Cellulose Ethanol EtOH: Wheat straw DME from EtOH: Wheat, coal CHP, DDGS as AF Black liquor EtOH: Wheat, coal CHP, DDGS fuel EtOH: Wheat, NG GT+CHP, DDGS AF 0 EtOH: Wheat NG GT+CHP, DDGS fuel 100 200 300 400 500 600 Biogas: Municipal waste Total energy consumption (MJ / 100 km) Biogas: Manure Source: EUCAR/CONCAWE/JRC ������� 14 �����������������
Best-in-class Well-to-Wheel GHG and energy efficiency Conventional gasoline Fuels 2010 Conventional diesel RME: Gly as chemical 400 RME: Gly as animal feed CTL Syn-diesel: CTL Syn-diesel: GTL 300 Syn-diesel: Farmed wood W T W G H G e m iss io n s (g C O 2 e q v / k m ) Syn -diesel: Waste wood, Black liqour DME: CTL GTL- Gasoline DME: GTL 200 Syndiesel and DME: Farmed wood GTL- �������������� diesel DME: Waste wood, Black liqour DME EtOH: Wheat, Straw CHP, DDGS as AF 100 �������� EtOH: Sugar cane (Brazil) ������������ EtOH: Wheat, Straw CHP, DDGS as fuel EtOH: Farmed wood 0 EtOH: Wheat straw 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 EtOH, Wheat, Lignite CHP, DDGS as AF ��������������������� EtOH, Wheat, Lignite CHP, DDGS as fuel ������������ -100 EtOH, Wheat, NG GT+CHP, DDGS as AF Biogas, liquid manure EtOH, Wheat, NG GT+CHP, DDGS as fuel Biogas, municipal waste -200 Biogas, liquid manure Total WTW energy (MJ / 100 km) Biogas, dry manure Source: WtW study Eucar/Concawe/JRC 2005, 2010 Vehicles (basis for EU RED/FQD default values) ������� �����������������
What Volumes and What Volumes and timeframes? timeframes? (fossil) (fossil) ������� �����������������
The Route via Gasification and Syngas to Automotive Fuels Syntetic CO 2 Diesel (FTD) Coal Coal Methanol Heavy oils Heavy oils GASIFICATION DME DME (DiMetylEter Natural Gas Natural Gas DiMetylEter) Syngas Syngas (CO+H2) (CO+H2) Hydrogen Biomass Biomass Chemicals Black liquor Black liquor SNG ������� 11/19/2010 17 �����������������
From: Syngas Refiner Report, 19 October 2009 Officials Believe Chinese Methanol Blending Standards Could be Promulgated Next Year …………….The methanol blending regulations were issued in April and the M85 standard - 85% methanol, 15% gasoline - came out this summer and goes into effect before the end of the year. The next big step will be M15 - 15% methanol, 85% gasoline. Existing engines do not have to be modified, and methanol can be used in vehicles today. “The best information that we have, and it’s not official, is that the standard will be promulgated next year,” he claimed. “China consumes over 60 million tons of gasoline per year, so if they go ahead and put the M15 and M85 into effect, I think that’ll have a significant impact on the methanol marketing going forward. Obviously as the economy picks up, there will be other downstream demands for methanol in China.” …………….. ������� �����������������
China Leading Global Methanol Industry (Source: Methaol Institute) • World production 2010 about 45 million tons • China world’s largest methanol producer and consumer. • China over 120 methanol plants, many small and inefficient. • Curtailing natural gas-based Year Tons Gallons production. 2004 6,000,000 2 Billion • Coal-based production 2007 15,000,000 5 Billion accounts for 85% of growth. 2009 25,000,000 8.3 Billion 2012 37,000,000 12.3 Billion Source: MMSA
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