WORKING GROUP AWARENESS-RAISING ON DRUG-RELATED ISSUES IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS Meeting of the Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies - Africa (HONLAF) Dar Es Salaam, 19 September 2018 Sylv ylvie ie Ber Bertr trand He Head, , He Healt lth an and Soc Socia ial De Development Programme UNODC Reg egio ional l Of Offic ice for or Eas astern Afr fric ica
Drug Use The prim rimary ry ob objective of of dru rug prevention is to help people, particularly but not exclusively young people, to avoid or delay initiation into Prevention the use of drugs, or, if they have started already, to avoid developing disorders Prevention is about the healthy and The general l aim aim of of dru rug prevention, however, is safe development of children much broader than this: it is th the healt lthy an and sa safe development of of ch child ildren an and youth to o reali lize th their ir tale alents an and pot otentia ial and become contributing members of their community and society. Effective drug prevention contributes significantly to the pos ositiv ive engagement of children, young people and adults with their famil ilie ies, sch schools ls, workplace an and community.
Prevention Supply Sup ly Health red eductio ion and drug control Dru Drug use use centred preventio pr ion & & Drug Dru g balanced Acce Access to o dep dependence con ontroll lled tr treatment, drug drugs for or me med. car are and and purp purposes reh ehabil ilit itatio ion approach Preventio ion of of hea healt lth and and soc ocia ial l con onsequences (I (Inc nc. HIV HIV)
UNGASS 2016 on the World Drug Problem Outcome Document We reiterate our commitment to promoting the health, welfare and well-being of all individuals, families, communities and society as a whole, and facilitating healthy lifestyles through effective, comprehensive, scientific evidence -based demand reduction initiatives at all levels, covering, …. early intervention, treatment, care, recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration measures, as well as initiatives and measures aimed at minimizing the adverse public health and social consequences of drug abuse, and we recommend the following measures… ( paragraphes (a) to (h). (a) (a) (g) g) (b) (b) (c) (c) (d) (d) (f) (f (h) (h) (e) Take effective De Develop and and Take Consi sider Inc ncrease the Promote the Involve, Promote and and pr primary pr prev. im improve effective wel ell-being of enhancing en avai ailability, policymakers, im improve the mea easures. s.. mea easures s rec ecreational al society as a coo ooperation coverage & parliam., systematic • Accurate facil acilities and to o prevent quality of qua of whole through between educators, col ollection of of info provide the scientific scie the elaboration public health, civil society, information in • Promote access for progressio evidence - of effective education, la law the scientific and and gathering skills children and n of drug scientific en enforcement base based pr prev. community, of evidence as • Opportunity use youth to evidence- when mea easures s academia, well as the to choose regular sports disorders and tools in based developing target sharing, at the healthy life and cultural through multiple prevention prevention populations, national and style activities, targeted settings, strategies initiative individuals in international • Supportive with a view to early centred on and reaching recovery, levels, of parenting promoting interventio tailored to the youth in private sector, reliable and • Healthy healthy lives ns for school as needs of in the comparable social env. and lifestyles, people at well as out of individuals, development data on drug • Equal access risk school families and of prevention use and to educ. communities programmes epidemiology,
More mandates… The Joi Joint Mi Minis isteria ial St Statement on the mid-term review of the implementation by Member States of the Political Declaration and Plan of Action; Res esol olution on 57/3 /3 - Promoting prevention of drug abuse based on scientific evidence as an investment in the well- being of children, adolescents, youth, families and communities; and, Res esol olutio ion 58/3 /3 - Promoting the protection of children and young people, with particular reference to the illicit sale and purchase of internationally or nationally controlled substances and of new psychoactive substances via the Internet. Res esol olutio ion 58/7 /7 Strengthening cooperation with the scientific community, including academia, and promoting scientific research in drug demand and supply reduction policies in order to find effective solutions to various aspects of the world drug problem (operative paragraph 2) Res esol olutio ion 59/6 /6 Promoting prevention strategies and policies (operative paragraphs 5 and 14) Res esol olution on 60/7 /7 Promoting scientific evidence-based community, family and school programmes and strategies for the purpose of preventing drug use among children and adolescents
ABOUT PREVENTION
Prevention and Developmental Phases ■ Each stage of development, from infancy to early adulthood, is associated with a certain expected range of: – intellectual ability – language development – cognitive, emotional and psychological functioning – social competency skills ■ Each needs attention to prevent th the onset of f drug use and dependence!!!
Prevention…. Initiation of drug use BUT ALSO transition to dru rug use dis isorders Prevention Prevention Treatment (Treatment) Drug Use Dr se No Dr No Drug Use se Recovery ry Drug Use Dr se Di Disorder Prevention Health and Health and Health and social social social consequences consequences consequences
In Interaction of f the environment and the individual Environment at the macro level Personal • Income and resources characteristics • Social environment • Physical environment • Genetic vulnerabilities Beliefs • Mental health disorders Attitudes • Temperamental behaviours Environment at vulnerabilities the micro level • Neuro-dev.stress • Family • School • Peers
• Multiple settings! A complex challenge Therefore • Multiple … ages!
EVIDENCE BASED… Evidence-based - The entire programme or method has been demonstrated by independent research to be effective
Tailoring intervention and basing them on evidence is key…. for your youth and for your wall llets! Much of the interventions implemented in the past were not evidence based… It entails implementing interventions blindly … Lack of Provision of Ineffective information Provision of parenting Effect!!! No effect parenting and information skills evidence
SETTING STANDARDS SAVING LIVES IN INVESTING WIS ISELY!
IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON DRUG USE PREVENTION 2013 2013 More than 80 expert from 30 countries worked on the standards first edition… • Studies collected 600 Studies were collected….over 600 of them Then we selected studies that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions and • Evaluated effectiveness 250 policies…some 250 And then we selected the studies that had good methodology…that was about 80 of them! • Had good methodology 80 Some bad Some good news! news and… Standards!
Limited evidence on Low- and middle-income countries and Prevention for girls and women • Only 5% of evidence-based programmes have collected results disaggregated by sex. • Benefit for girls and boys NOT NECESSARILY the same. • Parenting skills programmes benefit girls at least as well as boys most (consistent with the etiology) • UNODC guidelines NO EVIDENCE IN 2013 ON… ■ Sports and other leisure time activities – Some promising evidence on using sports as a setting (e.g. the coach provides lifeskills sessions during the sports training) ■ Strategies targeting children and youth particularly at risk: – Out-of-school children and youth, street children, current and ex-child soldiers, displaced or post-conflict populations, children and youth in foster care, in orphanages, (in the juvenile justice system).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON DRUG USE PREVENTION IN 2018 2018 Search multiple Summary and databases for Data extraction draft reviews Add the studies Include old Comments by received by reviews, if no experts and experts superseded final document Select and Only LOW RISK Beautification assess the of BIAS and translation! quality selected
WHAT DID WE LEARN THE KEY MESSAGES
MESSAGE 1 It It works
There are MANY strategies that are effective in preventing substance use
MESSAGE 2 Evi vidence-based preventio ion str trategie ies prevent also lso many oth ther r risky behavio risk iours, promoti ting th the heal althy & sa safe develo lopment of f child ildren & you
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