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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who Shapes the Other? Gender and Ethnicity in Claims-Making About Immigration Didier Ruedin University of Witwatersrand & University of Neuchtel didier.ruedin@wolfson.oxon.org . . . . .

  1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who Shapes the Other? Gender and Ethnicity in Claims-Making About Immigration Didier Ruedin University of Witwatersrand & University of Neuchâtel didier.ruedin@wolfson.oxon.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IMISCOE, Geneva, 26 June 2015

  2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protest & Claims-Making interests claims-making in news claimant: who makes the claim claim: how policy should (not) change representation beyond the electoral sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘having a voice’ protest, contention → representation of group

  3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expectation type of actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . over time: modernization minorities of power → less access to claims-making ▶ women ▶ ethnic minority groups ▶ intersectionality ▶ degree of inclusion ▶ kind of claims made

  4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data & Methods claims on immigration and integration in newspapers 7 countries (AT, BE, CH, ES, IE, NL, UK) gender & ethnicity from fjrst name of named actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . non-parametric, correlations, (logistic regression) ▶ N=10,857 claims ▶ N=5,533 gender ▶ N=5,587 ethnicity

  5. . Claims by Women . . . . . . . . . . All . Min Max M 78% 70% (AT, IE) 85% (UK) F 22% 15% (UK) 30% (AT, IE) percentage of claims on immigration and integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by gender, pooled

  6. . Claims by Ethnic Minorities . . . . . . . . . . All . Min Max Mj 90% 84% (ES) 98% (IE) Min 10% 2% (IE) 16% (ES) percentage of claims on immigration and integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by ethnic minority status, pooled

  7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gender by Ethnicity Gender Majority Minority Male 77% 88% Female 23% 12% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gender of claimants by ethnic minority status

  8. . 5% . . Type of Actor Actor Type F Min Government and judiciary 23% 4% Legislative and parties 22% 8% Left 33% Other . Anti-immigrant claims about immigration and integration by women 10% 20% Other CSO 0% 8% 36% 20% 19% Minority/pro-immigrant CSO 9% 25% Media and journalists 12% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and actor type, pooled ( ∅ 22%) and ethnic minority members ( ∅ 10%)

  9. . Female . . . . . . . . Focus of Debate Issue Male Majority . Minority Immigration 41% 46% 45% 15% Integration 59% 54% 55% 85% share of claims about immigration and integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by gender and ethnic minority status.

  10. . 55% . . . . . . Frames Justifjcation Male Female Majority Minority Instrumental 53% . 57% 31% Identity 15% 13% 15% 30% Moral principles 29% 34% 29% 39% justifjcations (frames) by gender and ethnic minority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . status

  11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women Over Time

  12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnic Minorities Over Time

  13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discussion: Presence in Claims-Making women and ethnic minority groups less likely in claims-making trade-ofg left-wing parties and CSO difgerent kind of debate as a result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . increase over time, but uneven ethnic minorities: women even less likely → ▶ more negative ▶ less on integration ▶ less identity and moral principles

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