Who is vulnerable to household food insecurity and what does this - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Welcome! We will start the audio at 1pm Eastern . Audio will be broadcast over GoToWebinar automatically and all participant microphones are muted. April 13 th , 2017 1:00 – 2:30 PM Eastern Who is vulnerable to household food insecurity and what does this mean for policy and practice? Moderator: Craig Larsen Executive Director Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada Presenters: Valerie Tarasuk, PhD Lynn McIntyre, MD, MHSc, FRCPC, FCAHS Pat Vanderkooy, MSc, RD Professor, University of Toronto and PROOF Professor Emerita, University of Calgary and Public Affairs Manager, principal investigator PROOF investigator Dietitians of Canada @theCDPAC facebook.com/theCDPAC youtube.com/theCDPAC www.cdpac.ca

Audio is now turned on (microphones muted) April 13 th , 2017 1:00 – 2:30 PM Eastern Who is vulnerable to household food insecurity and what does this mean for policy and practice? Moderator: Craig Larsen Executive Director Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada Presenters: Valerie Tarasuk, PhD Lynn McIntyre, MD, MHSc, FRCPC, FCAHS Pat Vanderkooy, MSc, RD Professor, University of Toronto and PROOF Professor Emerita, University of Calgary and Public Affairs Manager, principal investigator PROOF investigator Dietitians of Canada @theCDPAC facebook.com/theCDPAC youtube.com/theCDPAC www.cdpac.ca

Quick Overview of GoToWebinar Audio If you successfully downloaded the GoToWebinar software, audio will broadcast on your computer automatically.

Quick Overview of GoToWebinar (cont’d) Questions Throughout webinar, type your questions in the chat box Or e-mail your questions to admin@cdpac.ca

Where are you located? Où habitez-vous? For those on WebEx: √ on your province/territory √ sur votre province ou territoire

What Sector are you from? Public Health Health Provincial /Territorial Practitioner/Professional Government/Ministry Social or Human Services Education/Research Other (e.g., NGO) Faculty/Staff/Student

Moderator Presenters Craig Larsen Valerie Tarasuk, PhD Lynn McIntyre, MD, Pat Vanderkooy, MSc, RD Executive Director Professor, University of Public Affairs Manager, MHSc, FRCPC, FCAHS Chronic Disease Prevention Toronto and PROOF Dietitians of Canada Professor Emerita, University Alliance of Canada principal investigator of Calgary and PROOF investigator @theCDPAC facebook.com/theCDPAC youtube.com/theCDPAC www.cdpac.ca 7

Who is vulnerable to household food insecurity and what does this mean for policy and practice?? Pat Vanderkooy, MSc, RD Lynn McIntyre, MD, MHSc, Valerie Tarasuk, PhD Public Affairs Manager, Professor, University of FRCPC, FCAHS Professor Emerita, University of Dietitians of Canada Toronto and principal Calgary and PROOF investigator investigator of PROOF 8

Household Food Security Survey Module (administered on the Canadian Community Health Survey since 2004) 18 questions, differentiating adults’ and children’s experiences over last 12 months: • Worry about not having enough food • Reliance on low-cost foods • Not being able to afford balanced meals “because there • Adults/children skip meals wasn’t enough • Adults/children cut size of meals money to buy food?” • Adults lost weight • Adults/children not having enough to eat • Adults/children not eating for whole day 9

Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2007 - 2012 • 12.6% of households • over 4 million Canadians (an increase of > 600,000 since 2007) Marginal food insecurity Worry about running out of food and/or limit food selection because of lack of money for food. Moderate food insecurity Compromise in quality and/or quantity of food due to a lack of money for food. Severe food insecurity Miss meals, reduce food intake and at the most extreme go day(s) without food. Data Source: Statistics Canada, CCHS, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013. 10

2012 11 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014.)

12 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014.)

WHO IS FOOD INSECURE? 13

14 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014.)

2012 15 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014.)

Food insecurity is racialized. Household food insecurity by cultural/racial group of respondent 30 25 20 % households 15 10 5 0 White Aboriginal Black severe moderate marginal 16 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014.)

Food insecurity among Indigenous groups Canadian Community Health Survey, 2012: • 28.2% of households with an aboriginal respondent were food insecure, but CCHS omits people living on First Nations communities and in some northern/remote regions. Focused surveys among Inuit and First Nations communities: • 50-70% prevalences of food insecurity e.g., Inuit Health Survey 2007-08, Aboriginal People’s Survey 2012, First Nations Regional Health Survey 2008/2010 (Arriagada, 2017; Egeland & Nunavut Steering Committee, 2010; Egeland et al, 2010; First Nations Information Governance Centre, 2012; Huet et al, 2012; Wallace, 2014) 17

Relationship between immigration and food insecurity? Household food insecurity status by respondent’s immigration status Multivariate analysis, CCHS 2011-12 25 OR aOR (95% CI) (95% CI) 20 % households Canadian born 1.00 1.00 15 Immigrated 1.67 0.72 10 in last 5 yrs (1.37–2.04) (0.55–0.94) Immigrated 0.92 0.89 5 > 5 yrs (0.84–1.00) (0.78–1.02) 0 Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): Canadian born Immigrated in last Immigrated > 5 adjusted for household income, education, household 5 years years ago composition, home ownership, province/territory of severe moderate marginal residence, urban/rural location, ethno-racial identity of respondent. (Source: CCHS 2012. Adapted from Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012 . 2014) 18

INCOME $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 19

Relationship between food insecurity and household income: 60% 50% 40% Percent food insecure 30% 20% 10% 0% Income adjusted for household size 20 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2014 . 2016)

Relationship between food insecurity and household income: 60% Food insecurity captures material deprivation. 50% the product of … 40% Percent food insecure income • stability 30% • adequacy relative to expenses (e.g., shelter, food, medications, 20% debt) • income shocks 10% and assets • home ownership 0% Income adjusted for household size 21 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2014 . 2016)

Prevalence of food insecurity by main source of income, 2014 70 60 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 Seniors' incomes Employment Other/none EI, Workers' Social Assistance Comp severe moderate marginal 22 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2014 . 2016)

Prevalence of food insecurity by main source of income, 2014 Low benefit levels + 70 asset limits + restrictions on earnings = extreme 60 vulnerability. 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 Seniors' incomes Employment Other/none EI, Workers' Social Assistance Comp severe moderate marginal 23 (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2014 . 2016)

Prevalence of food insecurity among households whose main source of income was social assistance, by province/territory, 2011-12 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Note: PEI and Northwest Territories have been omitted because of the small size of the samples there. 24

Prevalence of food insecurity among households in Newfoundland and Labrador reporting any income from social assistance, 2007-2012 70% 59.9% 59.2% 60% 57.4% 50% 44.8% 44.0% NL’s Poverty Reduction Actions 40% included: 33.5% • ↑ income support rates 30% • indexed rates to inflation • ↑ earning exemptions 20% • ↑ low -income tax threshold • ↑ liquid asset limits 10% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 25 (Loopstra, Dachner & Tarasuk, Canadian Public Policy , 015)

Prevalence of food insecurity by main source of income, 2014 70 60 50 40 % What is special 30 about seniors’ incomes? 20 10 0 Seniors' incomes Employment Other/none EI, Workers' Social Assistance Comp severe moderate marginal (Tarasuk, Mitchell & Dachner, Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2014 . 2016) 26

How Seniors’ Benefits Function as a Guaranteed Annual Income Comparison of food insecurity outcomes of low income Canadians aged 55-64 (largely non-eligible) vs 65-74 (Old age security; Guaranteed Income Supplement eligible) • Used CCHS cycles spanning 2007 to 2013 – Household income $20,000 or less – Personal income $20,000 or less – Not married 27

Main Personal Income Source for Low-Income Unattached Respondents by Age Group (Weighted), CCHS 2007-2013 28

Probability of moderate and severe food insecurity by age among low-income unattached adults (CCHS 2007-13) 29