When Does German Literature Take Place? Frank Fischer 1 & Jannik Strötgen 2 1 Göttingen Centre for Digital Humanities 2 Institute of Computer Science, Heidelberg University 1 frank.fischer@zentr.uni-goettingen.de 2 stroetgen@uni-hd.de DH2015 – Sydney, Australia – July 3, 2015
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Suomen kirjallisuus “The majority of Finnish novels takes place in summer .” Radio interview with translator Stefan Moster Deutschlandradio Kultur – October 8, 2014 July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 2 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Bloomsday “Miss Dunne clicked on the keyboard: — 16 June 1904.” James Joyce: Ulysses (1922) July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 3 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Through the Mountains “Den 20. Jänner ging Lenz durchs Gebirg.” “On the 20th of January, Lenz went through the mountains.” Georg Büchner: Lenz (publ. 1839) July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 4 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Gutenberg-DE hosted at http://gutenberg.spiegel.de – our source: Gutenberg-DE Edition 13 DVD-ROM (October, 2013) subcorpus containing original German fiction (891 MB of unpacked text) we extracted texts of these types: <meta name="type" content="{fiction,narrative,novelette}"/> translations into German were eliminated from our subcorpus total of 549 writers and 2735 works from ca. 1510 to the 1940s (with an emphasis on the decades between 1840 and 1930) July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 5 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Extraction of normalised date & month specs explicit dates and months output book data July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 6 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Extraction of normalised date & month specs Temporal Tagging Extraction and normalisation of temporal expressions Time expressions in TimeML date (today, on Monday, 10th of August, the next day, June) time (in the morning, at 5 o’clock) duration (5 years, 2 hours) set (annually, once a day) Temporal Tagger HeidelTime – freely available, 11 languages, 4 domains July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 7 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Extraction of normalised date & month specs Temporal Tagging Extraction and normalisation of temporal expressions Time expressions in TimeML date (today, on Monday, 10th of August , the next day, June) time (in the morning, at 5 o’clock) duration (5 years, 2 hours) set (annually, once a day) Temporal Tagger HeidelTime – freely available, 11 languages, 4 domains July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 7 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Extraction of normalised date & month specs explicit dates and months output book data July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 8 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Extraction of normalised date & month specs Collection Readers Analysis Engines CAS Consumers TreeTagger HeidelTime Explicit Data Standard Consumer Reader preprocessing temporal tagger UIMA Pipeline explicit dates & months book data Output July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 8 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion General output of our pipeline ... Statistical information on text segments containing explicit date & month specifications July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 9 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion General output of our pipeline ... “Month vs. Day” specifications July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 9 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion General output of our pipeline ... Heatmap with “explicit days” July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 9 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion General output of our pipeline ... Text segments with mentionings of “explicit days” July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 9 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion General output of our pipeline ... Months vs. Days Days heatmaps Days – in context all statistical information by novel, author, literary epoch, ... July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 9 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Heatmap MONTH: 01 +333222323131323223222222222131 MONTH: 02 43322222133212332332212322231 MONTH: 03 7333432223324342243363232322252 (21.) MONTH: 04 +33233223432223223332322223323 MONTH: 05 +354433235364353232424323223244 (12.) MONTH: 06 733233323333324432343324433233 MONTH: 07 9444332333243652333432224223223 (14.) MONTH: 08 8364422327244463344533332323222 (3., 10., 15.) MONTH: 09 854433233332234233233221222323 MONTH: 10 +353322224223552253432222222133 MONTH: 11 944233333723225213232222222224 (10.) MONTH: 12 5522341213223232132233392122224 (24.) green fields: days mentioned 50+ times in the corpus July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 10 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Semantics of the 10th of August July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 11 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Days vs. Months Corpus of German literature: “In the marvellous month of May ...” (Heinrich Heine) July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 12 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Subcorpus 1800–1849 The marvellous month of May, again! July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 13 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Subcorpus 1850–1899 And again! July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 14 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Subcorpus 1900–1949 And again! July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 15 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Theodor Fontane An author with a preference for autumnal and winterly settings? July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 16 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Theodor Storm Storm’s texts have a strong tendency towards unspecific temporal expressions. July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 17 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Theodor Storm: Der Schimmelreiter (1888) All 19 mentionings of month names in the novella (all unspecific): “an einem October-Nachmittag” “zu Ende October” “Im Februar bei dauerndem Frostwetter” “seit November” “Es war an einem Maiabend; aber es war Novemberwetter” “Es war im Januar” “es war zu Anfang des Septembers” “die goldene Septembersonne glitzerte” “Es war zu Ende März” “lauter Märzenluft” “Inzwischen war schon Ende März” “noch bis gegen Ende November” “Als es in den October hineinging” “Zu Ende November” “gegen Ende des März” “So war der September gekommen” “Zu Ende des Septembers” “als aber nach Ende September” “Es war vor Allerheiligen, im October.” July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 18 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Jules Verne, calendar boy of world literature Jules Verne’s adventure novels always feature an exact chronology. July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 19 / 26
Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion Lev Tolstoi Clear preference of summer months. July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 20 / 26
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