When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma Justin Cheng Shankar Iyer Mor Naaman @infoxiao @jcccf @therealshankar @informor � 1
Frith (2007), Lieberman (2013) � 2
� 3
What is a "good" group? � 4
What is a trustworthy group? � 5
What is a trustworthy group? (i.e., when do people trust their social groups?) � 6
WHY STUDY TRUST? Trust correlates with... Institutional Life Economic improvements satisfaction growth Knack & Keefer (1997), Helliwell & Putnam (1995), Uslaner (2002), Kroll (2008) � 7
WHY STUDY TRUST IN GROUPS? Trust in groups... Reduces Improves task Increases conflict performance group cohesion Walther & Bunz (2005), Peterson & Behfar (2003), Dirks (1999) � 8
TODAY When do people trust their social groups? � 9
TODAY When do people trust their social groups? Q1 How do we measure trust in a group? Q2 What predicts trust in a group? Can trust predict future group outcomes? Q3 � 10
Q1 How do we measure trust in a group? � 11
WHAT IS TRUST? Trust is a decision to be vulnerable to another party. Mayer et al. (1995) � 12
FACTORS OF TRUST Ability Integrity Benevolence Mayer, et al. (1995) � 13
LEVELS OF TRUST Organizations Society Individuals Nannestad (2008), Fine & Holyfield (1996), Rosseau, et al. 1998 � 14
LEVELS OF TRUST Organizations Society Individuals Groups Nannestad (2008), Fine & Holyfield (1996), Rosseau, et al. 1998 � 15
METHODOLOGY To measure trust in groups... Sample individual- Survey on Augment with group pairs trust in groups log data � 16
SAMPLE INDIVIDUAL-GROUP PAIRS member of Individual 1 Group A member of Individual 2 Group B … � 17
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category � 18
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category Variable Statement Disposition to trust Most people can be trusted. There are people in my life who give me General social support support and encouragement. General risk attitude I’m willing to take risks. General in-group loyalty I would describe myself as a “team player”. World Values Survey, Barrera & Ainlay (1983), Van Vugt & Hart (2004), Miller & Mitamura (2003) � 19
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category Variable Statement Care Other members of the group care about my well-being. Other members of this group can be relied upon Reliability to do what they say they will do. Integrity Other members of this group are honest. Risk-taking I feel comfortable sharing my thoughts in this group. Mayer, et al. (1995), Rotter (1971), Johnson-George & Swap (1982), Ashleigh, et al. (2012) � 20
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category Care Reliability Integrity Risk-taking � 21
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category Care Reliability "Trust in Group" Average Score Integrity Risk-taking � 22
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 1 2 3 Individual Trust Group differences in groups category Friends & Family (e.g., close friends, extended family) Education & Work (e.g., college, job, professional) Interest-based (e.g., hobby, book club, sports) Identity-based (e.g., lifestyle, health, faith, parenting) Location-based (e.g., neighborhood or local organization) � 23
SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS 6,383 completed survey responses (US-only) � 24
AUGMENTING WITH LOG DATA De-identified, aggregated log data on group properties, group membership, and activity in the group. � 25
Q2 What predicts trust in a group? � 26
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables � 27
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Group � 28
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group � 29
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group-level and participant-group-level time spent, Group Activity Group number of posts, number of likes or comments 30 �
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group-level and participant-group-level time spent, Group Activity Group number of posts, number of likes or comments Age and gender entropy, Group Homogeneity similarity between participant and group average Abrahao, et al. (2017) � 31
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group-level and participant-group-level time spent, Group Activity Group number of posts, number of likes or comments Age and gender entropy, Group Homogeneity similarity between participant and group average Group Network Network density, average clustering coefficient, Structure participant degree centrality, k-core 32 �
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group-level and participant-group-level time spent, Group Activity Group number of posts, number of likes or comments Age and gender entropy, Group Homogeneity similarity between participant and group average Group Network Network density, average clustering coefficient, Structure participant degree centrality, k-core Random Forest: R 2 = 0.26 , MSE = 0.53 � 33
PREDICTION FRAMEWORK Feature Set Example Variables Individual Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Disposition to trust, general social support, Towards Others general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category & Category Group-level and participant-group-level time spent, Group Activity Group number of posts, number of likes or comments Age and gender entropy, Group Homogeneity similarity between participant and group average Group Network Network density, average clustering coefficient, Structure participant degree centrality, k-core � 34
How do basic group properties relate to a person's trust in a group? � 35
TRUST DECREASES WITH GROUP SIZE 4.6 4.4 TRUST IN GROUP 4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 GROUP SIZE (LOG) � 36
PRIVATE GROUPS ARE TRUSTED MORE...? 4.6 Private 4.4 TRUST IN GROUP 4.2 Public 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 GROUP SIZE (LOG) � 37
...UNTIL THE GROUP HAS ≥ 150 MEMBERS 4.6 Private * 4.4 n = 150 * TRUST IN GROUP 4.2 * Public 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 38 �
...UNTIL THE GROUP HAS ≥ 150 MEMBERS 4.6 Private * 4.4 n = 150 (Dunbar's number) * TRUST IN GROUP 4.2 * Public 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 39 �
TRUST AND GROUP CATEGORY 5 MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 4 3 2 1 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL � 40
TRUST AND GROUP CATEGORY 5 MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 4 3 ? ? ? ? 2 1 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL Levin & Cross (2004), Putnam (2000) � 41
LOCATION-BASED GROUPS HAVE LOW TRUST 5 MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 4 3 2 1 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL � 42
How does a group's network structure relate to a person's trust in a group? � 43
GROUP NETWORK STRUCTURE Group member (node) Friendship (edge) Network Group network statistics � 44
GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS C d = 2 C d = 4 < Degree Centrality � 45
GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS C = 1 C = 3 6 = 1 < 6 2 Clustering Coefficient � 46
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