YES - 2008 What territorial organization for a sustainable urban w ater policy? The French experience Niederlaender Julie 1
Plan of the presentation • What questions do I want to answer to ? • How I am going to answer to them ? • What are the first results of my first analysis ? Niederlaender Julie 2
The French w ater stakeholders system NATIONAL Mission interministérielle National commitee of water VNF of water CSHP Companies Economic and social council Ministries ONEMA LOGIC OF BASINS ADMINISTRATIVE LOGIC INTERMEDIARY Regional council Region prefect Duo Prefect in DIREN DRIRE, DRAF, DRASS, DRE Basin charge of the Agency / basin Basin Departmental Préfet de MISE coordination Commitee council département DDAF DDE DDASS LOCAL Metropolitan structures Duo CLE / EPTB Technical secretaryship Town, city, commune of a SAGE Niederlaender Julie 3
Evolution of the stakes Since ever Standards from european directives Urbanization Investments More French Law French Law SRU and more 12/16/1964 12/13/2000 complex TECHNICAL AND Against pollution of waters ECONOMIC Individualization of all Basin agencies STAKES water supply contracts ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL STAKES STAKES Right to access to water in 2015 : reasonable economic conditions Good state French Law LEMA WFD 12/30/2006 2000 SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT CURRENT WATER MANAGEMENT (governance stakes, too) Niederlaender Julie 4
Which organization is adapted? How to answer to environmental stakes ? technical, economic and social stakes ? Creation of different Creation of basin systems : intercommunal � structures structures � planning and orientation tools BUT… SOLUTIONS EXIST Niederlaender Julie 5
Which organization is adapted? 1. For urban services, almost totally free choice for : - the type of the structure - the competences of this structure - the missions of this structure Almost each territory has its own configuration Separation between services logic and environmental logic 2. Difficulties of local officials confronting to the choice of their territorial organization Niederlaender Julie 6
Which questions do w e w ant to answ er to? Which territorial organization is adapted to the management of drinking water and waste water collection and sanitation public services ? Which link and influence What type of structure is adapted ? must exist between this structure and the basin structures Competences of this structure ? in order to take into account the water environment protection ? Missions of this structure ? Niederlaender Julie 7
What do w e w ant in our research ? ? ? ? COHERENT SET OF RECOMMANDATIONS : - adapted to local cases - to be successful in the search OUR RESEARCH of a sustainable water management. Niederlaender Julie 8
How ? Bibliography : Cases of study : • Basin structures knowledges about analysis of • Metropolitan structures performance water management water management • European and French models indicators at Nantes Métropole analysis of Questionnary for other French water Nantes Métropole questionnaries management work knowledges of experience return workers of Nantes Métropole Questionnary for the other metropolis Theoritical approach Practical approach Answers to the questions related to territorial organization adapted to current water management Niederlaender Julie 9
The choice of the terrains Two criteria : - Population : between 250000 and 1 million inhabitants - Singularity of the structure Niederlaender Julie 10
The choice of the cases Integration of environmental Name of the Water supply Waste water Type of structure stakes structure competence competence and basin management CA NO YES Grand Toulouse considering its population, it could be a urban community UC YES : shares it with two YES SAGE Bordeaux Urban syndicates Nappes Profondes Community YES : shares it with a YES : shares it Strasbourg Urban departmental syndicate in part with a UC Community departmental syndicate YES: shares it with a YES Lille Urban departmental syndicate UC Community long history of cooperation with Belgian NO YES Grenoble Alpes CA long history in water Métropole supply management CA NO NO Grand Dijon managed by a mixed syndicate Niederlaender Julie 11
What did w e do on each cases ? What did w e study? How did w e prepare them ? From November 2007 to March 2008 For each case of study : • Study of the context • Questionnary based on three major questions : 1. What type of structure is adapted for water and waste water services? 2. How must the competences be shared ? 3. What are the link and influence between the structure and the basin structures ? • Indicators table • Missions table • Several and different interlocutors Niederlaender Julie 12
First analyse / First results • First analysis by themes of what Nantes Métropole does « comparing to » what the other metropolis do and solutions opened by the other cases of study • Presentation of these first results Niederlaender Julie 13
How to answ er to technical, social and 14 economic stakes SOCIAL STAKES Niederlaender Julie TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STAKES ENVIRONMENTAL STAKES
Presentation of Nantes Métropole 21 towns at its creation in 2001 24 towns now About 580 000 inhabitants 523 km² - Transport – road departments - Urbanism – environment - Social and Economic Development - International - Tourism - Water, Waste water Niederlaender Julie 15
Advantages of a metropolitan management � simplification of the landscape of stakeholders in water S.I.A.E.P. de la Région de Nort sur Erdre limites de Nantes Métropole S.I.A.E.P. de la Région de Vertou Commune d’Indre S.I.A.E.P. de Rezé, Bouguenais, La Montagne et Les Sorinières Commune de Sautron S.I.A.E.P. de la Région de Bouaye Commune de Couëron Syndicat intercommunal de l’Eau Commune de Mauves-sur-Loire S.I.A.E.P. de Thouaré, Carquefou et (intégration en 2004) Sainte Luce-sur-Loire Niederlaender Julie 16
Advantages of a metropolitan management � simplification of the landscape of stakeholders in water � a larger covering perimeter ANALYSIS � scale economies AND � means of all types (humans, financial, technical…) INTERVIEWS in common, better and more structured. Study : the intercommunality tool appears like an efficient way to increase the financial margins from the member collectivities CONFIRMED BY The fact that metropolitan management increases : between 2001 and 2004, increase of 4% for the population concerned by a metropolitan management of water supply Niederlaender Julie 17
Intercommunality w ithout its inconvenients Non equitable service Solution to Classical inconvenients Lack of proximity Organizing authority To stipulate, to To inform, to associate controll To value To account To deliver a service Operator Citizen user To express it needs Affirmation of the role of the organizing authority and harmonization of services Introduction of the citizen in a technical and political domain Niederlaender Julie 18
Which competences ? better to have A WHOLE COMPETENCE on THE WHOLE TERRITORY OF THE STRUCTURE not always the case permits Structures responsible of water supply on the territory more coherence of Lille Urban Community a more global vision LMCU SIDEN better to have WATER AND WASTE WATER AND OTHER COMPETENCES such as urbanism and roads department. some advantages for the coherence of the global public policy Niederlaender Julie 19
Draft of a solution for technical, economical and social stakes Economic and technical stakes A metropolitan management (more means) Equitable service A model based on the notion of organizing authority Taking into account the citizen Competences : water supply, waste water management, urbanism, raods department, … Coherence of the policy on the wohole territory of the structure Niederlaender Julie 20
21 How to answ er to environmental stakes SOCIAL STAKES Niederlaender Julie TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STAKES ENVIRONMENTAL STAKES
The basin : natural territory for w ater management « praised as the ecological and economic management unit » «the spatial unit logic to use » «the pertinent scale of planning » Niederlaender Julie 22
Institutionalization of the basin 1964 Creation of basin agencies and commitees 1992 SDAGE ET SAGE Creation of the Local Commission of Water and technical secretaryship for the SAGE 2000 District of the WFD Stronger legal value for the SAGE 2006 Niederlaender Julie 23
The concrete organization : a more complex situation Restricted power of the basin structures � role essentially financial or of orientation � hard to bring into operation : no contracting authority Limited influence (sometimes none) � limited to the produced documents � different logics Fragile legitimacy � non-elected members � no police power Niederlaender Julie 24
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