What is Science Doing? What is Science Doing? Studying populations - PDF document

Eros and Tithonus AGING: KEEPING YOUR MORTALITY AT BAY Richard E Ya Deau M.D. FACS, FACHE (HON) What is Science Doing? What is Science Doing? Studying populations without either cancer or diabetes. But: The search for proteins that improve memory These genetic predeterminants also led to one “IGF-II” which improves produce profound dwarfism! “declarative memory.” Ecuadoreans with “Laron Syndrome” will inform When blocked, memory was destroyed. us about both the genetics of these problems and the need for caution to avoid unintended Cristina Alberini consequences. Mount Sinai School of Medicine Valter Longo, University of Southern California Nature, January 2011 Online journal “Science Translational Medicine” February 17,2011 What is Science Doing? What is Science Doing? An Immune Aid for Aging or Combining DRN markers and DNA specific “Increasing health span versus lifespan” medications to systematically removing aged (senescent) cells in mice. These drugs cause Lenalidomide: Lenalidomide: these bio-marked cells to “commit suicide”.  Increases T cells and their ability to migrate.  Increases T cells and their ability to migrate. Arrests aging, extends life, extends “youth”. Arrests aging, extends life, extends “youth”. (IL-2 and IFN-gamma a cytokine) (IL-2 and IFN-gamma a cytokine) e.g. no cataracts, increased muscle mass and e.g. no cataracts, increased muscle mass and  The levels of the active cytokines in treated  The levels of the active cytokines in treated strength, maintains subcutaneous tissue. strength, maintains subcutaneous tissue. adults equals those of young adults adults equals those of young adults Edward Goetzi Edward Goetzi Jan van Deursen Jan van Deursen University of California, San Francisco. University of California, San Francisco. Mayo Clinic, November 3, 2011. Mayo Clinic, November 3, 2011. Clinical Immunology, January 2011 Clinical Immunology, January 2011

What is Science Doing? Sustaining Adult Stem Cells in a youthful state. Allowing them to repair human tissues after injury. Repairs DNA damage e.g. diabetes, heart attacks. “Reverses the process of human adult stem cell’s aging in tissue culture.” Planariam flat worm: Limitless ability to regenerate, replacing aged or injured tissue. Victoria Lunyak Victoria Lunyak Indefinitely growing new muscles, skin, guts Buck Institute for Research on Aging. Buck Institute for Research on Aging. even brains . Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 2012 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1118885109 The cost of sequencing is now on par with Genetics alone cannot project how diagnostic tests that analyze just a few genes. For long you will live. those suspected of having inherited disorders, it now makes economic sense to sequence the The key is “Epigenetics”: entire genome rather than just suspect genes. the science of what you do with your life "Even if these highly predictive and actionable [variations] are considered rare" collectively, and how it effects the genetic expression "everyone is at risk and should be just as willing of the genes you were born with. to spend on this as on fire insurance and other unlikely contingencies." George Church, geneticist at Harvard Foods linked to Longevity Diet and Exercise  High Fiber Diets:  Together they attenuate the loss of lean Whole Grains and Beans body mass and bone mineral density. Nuts and fruits  Ameliorates frailty more then either Vegetables modality alone.  High Fiber equals: 30 grams male, 20 female  A program of weight loss and exercise e.g. Reduces cardiovascular disease, infections, provides the greatest improvement in respiratory disease and decreases death rate physical function. 22% over 9 years Dennis T. Villareal M.D. Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis 388,000 people in the NIH-AARP diet and health study NEJM 2011:364:1218-29 Archives of Internal Medicine, June 14 2011

The Association between Low-Glycemic Index Diets Carbohydrates and Cancer The frequency of ”. Cancer decreases in people on Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) low carbohydrate diets. linked to diets with high glycemic indexes. Tufts “Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging”. The frequency of metastasis and the aggressiveness of metastasis decreases on low Over-weight individuals on low-glycemic index carbohydrate diets. diets showed improvement in co-morbidities. A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Reduces Serum C-Reactive Protein and Modestly Increases Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults. cancer J. Nutr. 2012 142: 2 369-374 2/10/2012 – Neut Metab 8 (75) @miomed central ltd Mediterranean Diet  High in mono-saturated fats, whole grains, fruit, vegetables and fish (low on animal fat)  50 studies with 500,000 patients  Reduced waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglycerides and increased HDL  The Nurses Health Study, Harvard Medical School supports these findings in US Populations Elizabeth Jackson M.D. University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor March 7, online Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Whole Diet Changes & Alzheimer’s Whole Diet Changes & Alzheimer’s Healthy People: People with aMCI: Diet low in saturated fat and simple (Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment) carbohydrates decreases Alzheimer’s Improved visual-recall memory tests. biomarkers in cerebral spinal fluid. Did not change cerebral spinal fluid markers. Requires wholesale diet changes. Works The differences suggest that dietary changes are either on risk factors (weight, B/P, lipids) not as effective in the late stages of aMCI. or on Alzheimer’s gene expression. Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Ms Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Ms Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Archives of Neurology, on line June 2011 Archives of Neurology, on line June 2011 Exercise may Negate Genetic Risk Exercise for Alzheimer’s Modest aerobic exercise reverses normal 52 APOE έ carriers were scanned for brain shrinkage and neuro-cognitive decline. amyloid plaques in the brain: • Sedentary carriers showed significant In controls, a 1-2% per year shrinkage in the plaque hippocampal volume, but for those with • Exercisers showed no more plaque exercise a gain of 2%. than the brains of 111 non-carriers. (Hippocampal volume relates to memory) Genetic risk in select circumstances appears “Exercise training increases the size of the hippocampus and improves memory” to respond favorably to lifestyle factors Kirk Erickson et al., Salk Institute, San Diego Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , February 2011 "Exercise engagement as a moderator of the effects of APOE genotype on amyloid deposition" Arch Neurol 2012; DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.845. Health Behaviors Study: Targretin Reverses Alzheimer’s Symptoms 10 year study of 20,000 people, age 45-79 in Mice Results: all + factors with all – factors: • Drug developed and approved for T-Cell  74 year olds = the life expectancy of a 60 y.o. Lymphoma. Measures: • Restores memory in 72 hours in mice.  Non-smoker • It was successful in removing amyloid  Moderate alcohol use (1-7 glass/wine/week) plaque in the brain.  5 or more servings fruit & vegetables/day • It has a good safety and side-effect profile.  Exercise Professor K. T. Khaw, University of Cambridge Published on line “Public Library of Sciencemedicine”, January 14, 2008 Paige E. Cramer et al. Case Western Reserve Sc. of Medicine 2/12/12 Science,DOI:10.1126/science.1217697