Week 4: Light / Solar System HW 2 past due (any submission before now is OK) HW 3 due on Thursday @ 10:45am Read Ch. 5 (except 5.5), and 7.1, 8.1-2, 11.1-2 for Thursday ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 1
JCMT ALMA Life on Mars VENUS ?!?!?! ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 2
<latexit sha1_base64="STxWXR7tpGVxIUjG4Vm4zWTgYDw=">ACJHicbVBNS8MwGE7n15xfVQ8iXoJD8DTaeXAgwlAPHie4D1jLSN0C0vTkqTCLPsxXvwrXjxMxYMe9OrPMPsQdPOFhIfng+R9vJhRqSzrzcjMzS8sLmWXcyura+sb5uZWTUaJwKSKIxaJhockYZSTqKkUYsCAo9Rupe93yo12+IkDTi16oXEzdEbU4DipHSVMs8uYWn0AkEwqlzQZhC0GE67aN+gNmDzRor5aZt4qWKOBs8CegHy59DnYef/arbTMZ8ePcBISrjBDUjZtK1ZuioSimJF+zkiRHuojZpashRSKSbjpbswPN+DCIhD5cwRH7O5GiUMpe6GlniFRHTmtD8j+tmaig5KaUx4kiHI8fChIGVQSHjUGfCoIV62mAsKD6rxB3kC5E6V5zugR7euVZUCsW7KNC8Uq3cQbGkwV7YB8cAhscgzK4BVQBRjcgQcwAE/GvfFovBivY2vGmGS2wZ8xPr4BaiCpGg=</latexit> unshifted Doppler Shift “blueshifted” z = ∆ λ = ∆ ν λ ν “redshifted” unshifted Allows us to infer motions along the “line of sight” ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 3
Lines are not delta functions! i.e., the difference b/t energy levels is NOT exact Motion-induced Broadening (small Doppler shifts cause Other Types of Broadening lines to appear more broad) • Thermal Broadening • Natural Broadening • Rotational Broadening • Pressure Broadening • Turbulent Broadening • Zeeman Broadening broadened ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 4
<latexit sha1_base64="bSRVNnGxFlfgT0X+1IPg8k3PxI=">ACTHicbVDLSgMxFM3Ud31VXboJFqVuyowU1J34AJcK9gFNKZnbTBvMPEjuiGXoB7px4c6vcONCEcHUzkKrFwIn5x7c3P8REmDrvsFGZm5+YXFpeKyura+uljc2GiVMNog6xinXL50YoGYk6SlSilWjBQ1+Jpn97Ntabd0IbGUc3OExEJ+T9SAYSOFqW4IKCzSHjJ0LhZzejzIY7dM9WsmJhDLoxUhn1LWRzsopGzgc0ZK+YezD17+f1iytotld2q+130L/ByUCZ5XVLT6wXQxqKCEFxY9qem2An4xolKDEqstSIhMt74u2hREPhelk32GM6K5lejSItT2RXzM/uzIeGjMPStM+Q4MNPamPxPa6cYHUyGSUpigmDwWpohjTcbK0J7UAVEMLOGhpd6Uw4DZctPkXbQje9Jf/gsZB1atVj69r5ZPTPI5Fsk12SIV45JCckEtyReoEyAN5IW/k3Xl0Xp0P53NiLTh5zxb5VYX5L34asK8=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="dhIj1pfrbqTDAnhLXGRNS3H5zk=">ACEXicZVA9SwNBEN2L3/EraiFisyiVbgLgrEQojZWomA0kIRjb28vWbK3d+zOCeG4n2DlT7ESFMTWRrDSxtaf4SYR0eTBwO9GWbmebHgGmz73cqNjU9MTk3P5Gfn5hcWC0vLlzpKFGVGolI1TyimeCSVYGDYLVYMRJ6gl15neOef3XNlOaRvIBuzJohaUkecErASG5huxEoQlMfn7pQ4U4bkeQZakPGT7A0i3hQzctOVneLWzaRbsPEqcH7JZKX+rn58rZ25hbeGH9EkZBKoIFrXHTuGZkoUcCpYlm8kmsWEdkiL1Q2VJGS6mfYfyvCWUXwcRMqUBNxX/06kJNS6G3qmMyTQ1sNeT/z1tv6tgqDcTLmME2CSDjYFicAQ4V482OeKURBdQwhV3ByLaZuYiMCE2EvBGf5lFyWis5ucf/cxHGEBphG62gD7SAH7aEKOkFnqIoukF36AE9WrfWvfVkPQ9ac9bPzAr6B+vlG/2hoB0=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="8KerPwWbMpl07ZIutzxSImCXMA=">ACDnicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUZeKBEvBVZkRQd0VdeGyBfuAzlAymbQNzTxI7ohl6NKVG3/FjRF3Lp25zf4E6aPhbYeCJycw/JPV4suAL+jIyC4tLyvZ1dza+sbmlrm9U1NRIimr0khEsuERxQPWRU4CNaIJSOBJ1jd612O/Potk4pH4Q30Y+YGpBPyNqcEtNQyC84VE0DwHXaoHwGeXmPsdECnAux0PSJbZt4qWmPgeWJPSb60P6x83x8My3z0/EjmgQsBCqIUk3bisFNiQROBRvknESxmNAe6bCmpiEJmHLT8ToDXNCKj9uR1CcEPFZ/J1ISKNUPD0ZEOiqW8k/uc1E2ifuSkP4wRYSCcPtROBIcKjbrDPJaMg+poQKrn+K6ZdIgkF3WBOl2DPrjxPasdF+6R4XtFtXKAJsmgPHaIjZKNTVELXqIyqiKIH9IRe0KvxaDwb8b7ZDRjTDO76A+Mjx+mAJ71</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="XyWySONoEu6hAReORWhu2+ZqXs=">ACJHicbZDLSsNAFIYn9VbjLerSzWBR3FiSUrDipurGZQV7gSYtk+m0HTqThJmJUEJ9Fze+ihsXnDhxmdx2ga0rQcGfv7vHM6c348Ylcq2v4zM0vLK6lp23dzY3NresXb3ajKMBSZVHLJQNHwkCaMBqSqGlEgiDuM1L3B9djXr8nQtIwuFPDiHgc9QLapRgpbWti8t2UnBG8Bi6knIHbtVekhcwaEctZJTVzX/KUzqG3l7Lw9KbgonFTkQFqVtvXudkIcxIozJCUTceOlJcgoShmZGS6sSQRwgPUI0tA8SJ9JLJkSN4pJ0O7IZCv0DBift3IkFcyiH3dSdHqi/n2dj8jzVj1S15CQ2iWJEATxd1YwZVCMeJwQ4VBCs21AJhQfVfIe4jgbDSuZo6BGf+5EVRK+SdYv78tpgrX6VxZMEBOAQnwAFnoAxuQAVUAQaP4Bm8gjfjyXgxPozPaWvGSGf2wUwZ3z9AV6GQ</latexit> Natural Broadening dN phot Heisenberg uncertainty principle = n 2 A 21 dt ∆ x · ∆ p & ~ ( ∆ x A 21 ∼ 10 8 s − 1 c )( ∆ p · c ) & ~ (permitted) ∼ 1 s − 1 ∆ t · ∆ E & ~ (forbidden) ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 5
<latexit sha1_base64="HudVlDgkiTtqQ3UZlwQENzvQOg=">AB/XicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62v8bFzE1qEilhnRFB3RTcuK9gHdIYhk6Y1NMkMSUYh+JP+AFuXCji1v9w178xfSy09cCFwzn3cu89Ycyo0o4ztHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuaWvb3TUFEiManjiEWyFSJFGBWkrqlmpBVLgnjISDPsX4/85gORikbiTqcx8TnqCdqlGkjBfZe2RPJsanAOYQn0FO0x1Fgl5yKMwacJ+6UlKpF7+h5WE1rgf3tdSKcCI0ZkiptuvE2s+Q1BQzMih4iSIxwn3UI21DBeJE+dn4+gE8MEoHdiNpSmg4Vn9PZIgrlfLQdHKk79WsNxL/89qJ7l74GRVxonAk0XdhEdwVEUsEMlwZqlhiAsqbkV4nskEdYmsIJwZ19eZ40TivuWeXy1qRxBSbIg31QBGXgnNQBTegBuoAg0fwAt7Au/VkvVof1uekNWdNZ3bBH1hfP3WblvE=</latexit> Broadened Line Shapes Lorentzian Profile Gaussian Profile (natural broadening) (realistic broadening) ( ν − ν 0 ) / σ ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 6
Lines are not delta functions! i.e., the difference b/t energy levels is NOT exact Dense environments, frequent collisions induce Other Types of Broadening electric fields that modify energy levels • Natural Broadening • Pressure Broadening • Zeeman Broadening broadened ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 7
Doppler Broadening Thermal Broadening ASTR/PHYS 2500: Foundations Astronomy Fall 2020: Week 03 8
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