Visual Explainers Ma Maneesh Agrawala CS 448B: Visualization Winter 2020 with material from Matthew Conlen and Jessica Hullman 1 Topics 1. Storytelling 2. Design space of narrative visualization 3. Interactive documents 4. Chart sequences 2 1
Storytelling 3 As ancient as mankind Going forward I carried wax along the line, and laid it thick on their ears. They tied me up , then, plumb amidships, back to the mast , lashed to the mast, and took themselves again to rowing. Soon, as we came smartly within hailing distance, the two Sirens , noting our fast ship, off their point, made ready, and they sang … 4 2
All media tell stories PEOPLE TELL STORIES WORDS TELL STORIES IMAGES TELL STORIES COMICS TELL STORIES MOVIES TELL STORIES VISUALIZATIONS TELL STORIES 5 Narrative Storytel Na elling narrative (n): An account of a series of events, facts, etc., given in order and with the establishing of connections between them “… require[s] skills like those familiar to movie directors, beyond a technical expert’s knowledge of computer engineering and science. ” - Gershon & Page ‘01 6 3
Lead / Nut Graf 7 Lead / Nut Graf Anecdotal Lead 8 4
Lead / Nut Graf Nut Graph 9 10 5
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1995 Obesity Map Vadim Ogievetsky 13 2008 Obesity Map Vadim Ogievetsky 14 7
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Design Space of Narrative Visualization 19 Value of storytelling [Gershon and Page 2001] A way of structuring information Easier to understand than lists • Uncertainty, conflict, resolution • Text and visuals can be complementary • Data exploration Communication 20 9
58 CASE STUDIES 70% Journalism 20% Business 10% Research [Segel & Heer 2010] 21 Grab attention with image and position Matching on Visual content prominence Reduced visual priority 22 10
Beginning Middle End Epilogue 23 26 11
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Genres for Narrative Visualization (Segel & Heer 2010) 30 Genres Visual Narrative Narrative Structure Observed Narrative Devices Case Studies 31 13
Visual Design MAGAZINE ANNOTATED SCIENCE FAIR STYLE CHART POSTER FLOWCHART COMICSTRIP SLIDESHOW MOVIE Tacit Selection Captions Tutorial Attached Details on Annotations Navigation Article Demand Timelines Interpret Filtering Summaries Headlines Highlighting Messaging Interactivity 32 Genres + Interactivity + Messaging = STORYTELLING ASK QUESTIONS Author Driven Reader Driven CLARITY strong ordering weak ordering EXPLORE heavy messaging light messaging SPEED FIND limited interactivity free interactivity martini drill-down glass story interactive slideshow 33 14
Narrative theory Story grammars: Models of narrative cognition based on systematic studies of what impacts peoples’ ability to recall parts of a story Reader mentally indexes events by time, space, protagonist, causality, intention [Zwaan 1995] Remembrance of Things Parsed [Mandler and Johnson 1977] 35 Narrative theory applied Graph Comics [Bach et al. 2016] 36 15
Narrative theory applied Graph Comics [Bach et al. 2016] 37 Announcements 38 16
Final project New visualization research or data analysis project I Research : Pose problem, Implement creative solution I Data analysis : Analyze dataset in depth & make a visual explainer Deliverables I Research : Implementation of solution I Data analysis/explainer : Article with multiple interactive visualizations I 6-8 page paper Schedule I Project proposal: Wed 2/19 I Design review and feedback: 3/9 and 3/11 I Final poster presentation: 3/16 (7-9pm) Location: TBD I Final code and writeup: 3/18 11:59pm Grading I Groups of up to 3 people, graded individually I Clearly report responsibilities of each member 39 Interactive Documents 40 17
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NY Times 2014 Scroll 50 51 22
Chart Sequences 52 Multiple Charts in Data Analysis 53 23
Multiple Charts in Storytelling 54 Chart Sequence Design [Hullman 2013] define context / goal Can we automatically identify sequences to filter, transform Data recommend to a human visualize designer? select annotate order, interactions 55 24
GraphScape : A Directed Graph Model Nodes are Vega-Lite specifications . Edges represent edit operations , weighted by estimated transition costs . [Kim, Wongsuphasawat, Hullman, Heer, 2017] 56 Constructing the Graph 57 25
Design Alternatives Random Sample “Too many data points !” Add Filter … Bin Bin Binned Scatter Plot Add Size(count) … … 58 Sequence Recommendation Sequence Cost : 10 : 12 : 13 … 59 26
GraphScape [Kim, Wongsuphasawat, Hullman, Heer 2017] Previously we’ve discussed approaches for automatic design of a single visualization (e.g. Mackinlay’s APT) GraphScape supports automated design methods for collections of visualizations. Plenty of future work to do here! 60 Summary Narrative visualizations blend communication via imagery and text with interaction techniques Specific strategies can be identified by studying what expert designers make Automating construction of effective explainers is an active area of Visualization research 61 27
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