Value Streams from Distribution Grid Support Using Battery Energy Storage Dr. Adarsh Nagarajan Power System Design and Studies September 24, 2018 https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71545.pdf
Outline Where am I from? • Storage Application in ISO • o Business model o Value and application o CAISO market for storage • Distribution system benefits o Select participation model o Application https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71545.pdf 2
NREL – Power Systems Research Solutions Reliability and Markets Design & Studies Operations Design & Physical and Cyber Security Operations & & Controls Studies Controls Institutional Support Resource Measurements Forecasting Sensing, Measurements, and Forecasting Grid Sensors Interoperability Solar Power Characterization Electronic EVs s Integrated Devices and Systems Energy Wind Interconnection Storage Loads 3
Storage Application in ISO Distribution Energy deferral aribitrage market Transmission deferral Frequency regulation Active power support Backup power market Black start Spin/Non-spin reserve Transmission congestion relief Reactive power PV support smoothing Power Power Distribution generation transmission system 4
Utilization of energy storage systems Distribution Energy Stacking feeder markets services support Peak shaving Energy arbitrage Peak shaving/volt-var Device upgrade deferral Capacity firming NGR*/PDR*/RDRR* Day-ahead/Capacity LTC/voltage regulator firming O&M deferral Reactive power Day-ahead/real-time Volt-var/NGR* Voltage support device support market deferral NGR: Non-Generator Resource PDR: Proxy Demand Resource RDRR: Reliability Demand Response Resource 5
Distribution feeder choice and battery chemistry 2MW/4 hour Redox Flow Battery system Step 1 – Model distribution feeder 3MVA inverter capacity 6MW peak load and 3MW PV generation Step 2– Characterize battery chemistry Day-ahead dispatch S NREL | 6
Dynamic Battery Model – Composite Model Built Composite Loss Model into OpenDSS q Total Losses= ! "#$ + ! &'()*'+, +! "+*+-.(./ NREL | 7
Capacity firming validation Step 3 – Characterize inverter operation NREL | 8
Peak shaving model validation Step 3 – Characterize inverter operation NREL | 9
Capacitor operation avoidance and deferral With ESS performing Volt-var Secondary Over Voltage(s) With capacitor 1.05 Primary Voltages 1.00 0.95 Secondary Under Voltage(s) Existing capacitors can manage C591 until 2026 Energy storage performing volt-var can defer capacitor upgrade until 2031 NREL | 10
Value streams from distribution feeder support Step 4 – Value stream analysis Economic Parameters and Costs Assumption Analysis period 25 years Discount rate 6% General inflation 0.1% Electricity escalation rate 1.5% Annual load growth 3% Line upgrade cost $670,000 Transformer upgrade cost $1,497,000 New capacitor bank cost $56,054 Jenkins, John D. 2014. “Capital Workpapers to Prepared Direct Testimony of John D. Jenkins on Behalf of San Diego Gas & Electric Company.” November 2014. https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/SDGE-09-CWP_EDIST.pdf. NREL | 11
Value Stream Monetization Mechanism Year 1 Savings Life-Cycle Savings Peak shaving Transformer upgrade deferral – $121,135 Capacity firming Operation and maintenance savings from – – reduced LTC operations Voltage support New capacitor bank deferral – $7,463 Energy arbitrage Time-shifting energy purchases on the LMP $56,069 $837,115 market Total $965,713 Jenkins, John D. 2014. “Capital Workpapers to Prepared Direct Testimony of John D. Jenkins on Behalf of San Diego Gas & Electric Company.” November 2014. https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/SDGE-09-CWP_EDIST.pdf. Value streams from local distribution grid support NREL | 12
Field operation of Battery based on value maximization Load forecasts Battery dispatch NREL | 13
Adarsh Nagarajan adarsh.nagarajan@nrel.gov https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71545.pdf Thank you www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
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