Vali lidation o n of t the he A Ant ntarctic S Sno now A Accumu mula lation a n and nd Ic Ice Di Discha harge B Basal S l Stress B Bound ndary o y of t the he S Southe heastern n Region o n of t the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf, A , Ant ntarctica
TEAM MEMBERS Ayanna Overton, junior Charlie Nelson, senior Kamberlin King, sophomore North Carolina A&T State Kentucky State Mississippi Valley State University University University
MENTOR Michael Jefferson Jr. Elizabeth City State University
OVERVIEW • Ab Abstract • Int Introduction n • Metho hodolo logy y • Conc nclu lusion n • Future W Work k • Ackno knowle ledgeme ment nts • Questions ns
ABSTRACT The he la largest i ice s she helf lf i in A n Ant ntarctic, R , Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf, w , was i investigated o over t the he y years o of (1970-2 -2015). N . Near t the he b basal s l stress b bound ndary b y between t n the he i ice s she helf lf a and nd t the he W West Ant ntarctic i ice s she heet, i , ice v velo locity r y rang nges f from a m a f few me meters p per y year t to s several hu l hund ndred me meters p per y year i in i n ice s streams ms. Ic . Ice v velo locity i y inc ncreases a as t the he i ice mo moves s seaward, , reachi hing ng mo more t tha han 1 n 1 km yr km yr-1 -1 i in t n the he c cent ntral p l portions ns o of t the he i ice f front nt. M . Most o of t the he draina nage f from W m West A Ant ntarctica i int nto t the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf f flo lows d down t n two ma majo jor i ice s streams ms, , each o h of w whi hich d h discha harges mo more t tha han 2 n 20 km3 km3 o of i ice e each y h year. . Alo long ng w with v h velo locity c y cha hang nges, t , the he w warme mest w water b belo low p parts o of t the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf r resides in t n the he lo lowest p portion o n of t the he w water c colu lumn b mn because o of i its hi high s h sali lini nity. V . Vertical mi l mixing ng caused b by t y tidal s l stirring ng c can t n thu hus i ind nduce a abla lation b n by li y lifting ng t the he w warm w m water i int nto c cont ntact with t h the he i ice s she helf lf. T . Thi his p process c can c n cause me melt lting ng o over a a p period o of t time me a and nd e event ntually lly cause b breakup o of i ice s she helf lf. . With c h cha hang nges o occurring ng o over ma many y y years a a v vali lidation i n is ne needed f for t the he A Ant ntarctic S Sno now Accumu mula lation a n and nd Ic Ice Di Discha harge ( (ASAID) ID) b basal s l stress b bound ndary c y created i in 2 n 2003. A . After the he 2 2002 L Larsen B n B Ic Ice S She helf lf d disint ntegration, ne n, nearby g y gla laciers i in t n the he A Ant ntarctic P Peni nins nsula la accele lerated u up t to e eight ht t time mes t the heir o origina nal s l speed o over t the he ne next 1 18 mo mont nths hs. .
ABSTRACT Simi mila lar lo losses o of i ice t tong ngues i in Gr n Greenla nland nd ha have c caused s speed-u -ups o of t two t to t thr hree t time mes the he f flo low r rates i in ju n just o one ne y year. R . Rapid c cha hang nges o occurring ng i in r n regions ns s surround nding ng Ant ntarctica a are c causing ng c conc ncern i n in t n the he p pola lar s scienc nce c commu mmuni nity t y to r research c h cha hang nges occurring ng i in c n coastal z l zone nes o over t time me. Du . During ng t the he r research, t h, the he t team c m comple leted s study o y on n the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf lo located o on t n the he s south w h western c n coast o of t the he A Ant ntarctic. T . The he s study y inc nclu luded a a v vali lidation o n of t the he A ABSB v vs. t . the he na natural b l basal s l stress b bound ndary ( y (NBSB) a alo long ng t the he Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf. T . The he A ASAID B ID BSB w was c created i in 2 n 2003 b by a y a t team o m of r researche hers he headed b by y Nationa nal A l Aerona nautics a and nd S Space A Admi mini nistration Go n Goddard S Space F Fli light ht C Cent nter ( (NASA GS GSFC), w , with a h an a n aim o m of s studyi ying ng c coastal d l deviations ns a as i it p pertains ns t to t the he ma mass b bala lanc nce o of the he e ent ntire c cont ntine nent nt. T . The he p point nt d data f file le w was a aime med a at c creating ng a a r repli lica o of t the he na natural l BSB. S . Sele lect c clo loud f free L Land ndsat s satelli llite i ima magery f y from s m satelli llites 1 1 t thr hrough 7 h 7 w was u used t to detect c cha hang nges o occurring ng o over t the he s span o n of 1 19 y years. T . The he la last ma majo jor i int nterest i in t n the he s study y inc nclu luded d docume ment nting ng t the he d deviations ns o or i inc ncorrect p pla laceme ment nts o of t the he A ABSB v vs. N . NBSB. . ENVI 4 I 4.7 .7 a as w well a ll as E ENVI 5 I 5.0 .0 i ima mage ma mani nipula lation s n software w was u used i in t n the he g geo-r -rectifyi ying ng and nd t the he g geo-r -referenc ncing ng p process. C . Cha hang nges t tha hat o occurred w were d docume ment nted i in t n the he f form m of a a d data t table le w with t h the he c cha hang nge t tha hat o occurred a alo long ng w with t h the he la latitude a and nd lo long ngitude geographi hic c coordina nates. .
METHODOLOGY • Id Ident ntifyi ying ng t the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf • Locating ng L Land ndsat i ima mages • Shr hrinki nking ng t the he t text f file le • Converting ng t text f file le t to a a v vector f file le • Vali lidation o n of t the he B Basal S l Stress B Bound ndary y • Ge Geo-r -referenc ncing ng t the he Ima Image • Ima Image W Warping ng • Linki nking ng Ima Images • “Tracki king ng De Deviations ns”
ROSS ICE SHELF • Located i in t n the he Southe heastern r n region o n of Ant ntarctica • Path/ h/Row: 3 : 32/115, , 32/116, 3 , 30/116
LOCATING LANDSAT IMAGES
BASAL STRESS BOUNDARY TEXT FILE Water Land
ERROR IN FILE SHRINKING
CONVERTING TO A VECTOR FILE
VALIDATION OF THE BASAL STRESS BOUNDARY • Ima Image a accuracy a y and nd r resolu lution ha n has i improved o over t time me • Old lder i ima mages ne needed a additiona nal p l processing ng • Ima Image w warping ng
GEO-REFERENCING THE IMAGE • ENVI C I Cla lassic a and nd E ENVI 5 I 5.0 .0 • Base i ima mage: r : recent nt i ima mage • Warp i ima mage: o : old lder i ima mage
IMAGE WARPING • Mini nimu mum o m of 5 5 p point nts • Ima Images a are li link nked • Simi mila larities a are hi highli hlight hted
LINKING IMAGES
“TRACKING DEVIATIONS” Water Land Land Water
2000 2014
2014 1988
CONCLUSION • Observation s n spanne nned a a t total o l of 2 25 y years • Features i ima mages b before a and nd a after t the he N NBSB w was di disco scovered ered • Ut Utili lized t the he s stand ndard z zoom o m of ~ ~x4 o of t the he E ENVI C I Cla lassic zoom w m wind ndow f feature • The here ha had b been a n a mi mispla laceme ment nt o of t the he N NBSB a alo long ng t the he ice s she helf lf
FUTURE WORK • Add t the he t text f file le a and nd v vector f file le i int nto o one ne f fold lder • Fini nish v h vali lidation o n of t the he R Ross Ic Ice S She helf lf i in t n the he Southw hwestern r n region n
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • Micha hael J l Jefferson J n Jr., M ., Ment ntor • Dr Dr. L . Lind nda B B. H . Hayd yden, P n, Princ nciple le In Investigator • CReSIS IS
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