urban drainage systems The KREIS Project Jo rg Londong, Tobias - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Combining the production of renewable energy with innovative urban drainage systems – The KREIS Project Jỏ rg Londong, Tobias Wätzel Bauhaus- Universitä t Weimar, Germany Thomas Giese HAMBURG WASSER, Germany bauhaus-institute IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 1 for infrastructure solutions (b.is)

Contents Concept for future urban material flows The Urban Quarter Jenfelder Au Grey- and blackwater specific loads Treatment concept and results Conclusions IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 3

Concept for future urban material flows Concept for future urban material flows New Alternative Sanitation Systems (NASS) agiculture food electricity & heat precipitation process water soil energy settlement K C groundwater Potassium Carbon recharge industry N P treatment energy production Nitrogen Phosphorus grey water drinking water black water & solid organic waste quality & quantity recycling of waters is good yellow water, urine Rost G., Maier K., Bỏhm M., Londong J. (2015). Auswirkungen eines technischen Paradigmenwechsels auf die wasserwirtschaftlich e Organisation in strukturschwachen ländlichen Räumen, Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Volume 73, Number 5, Springer, ISSN 0034 -0111, pp.343-356 IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 4

Blackwater 2-Material-Flow-System Minimum Water Quality Utilisation Place/ Material Flow Treatment Reuse Standard 1) Source and Transport options Product rainwater pipe phase separation rainwater treated rainwater storage rainwater pipe blackwater C-elimination pipe, vehicle toilet service water org. plant nutrients hygienisation urinal recovery of nutrients bio waste biogas phase separation treated wastewater red. micro-pollutants. stabilisation vegetable biomass min.-org. plant nutrient greywater C-elimination pipe drinking water kitchen treated wastewater hygienisation P-elimination 2) Low loaded service water treated rainwater washing machine white water phase separation greywater stabilisation pipe sludge white /drinking water bathroom vegetable biomass - - - - optional 1) higher water quality possible for usage Source: [DWA, 2008] 2) makes sense only for kitchen wastewater IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 5

This realisation of the HWC is the largest demonstration of a resource oriented sanitation concept working with vacuum technology for the collection of concentrated blackwater in Europe. IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 6

The Urban Quarter Jenfelder Au • Revitalisation of a former military site • 45 ha total area, 35 ha reconstructed • Realisation: 2012 - 2018 • More than 600 accommodation units about 2.500 inhabitants • High energy standards • Commerce and green areas IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 7

Blackwater network - reliability & maintainability Central vacuum station Meshing points The vacuum drainage of blackwater was Pipe junctions between the thoroughly examined. subnetworks Advice on construction and operation of the system was handed out Line 1a und 1b by the KREIS-researcher team, as a system failure Line 2 would cause a Line 3 considerable acceptance loss. Augustin, K., Skambraks A.K., Li Z., Giese T., Rakelmann, U., Meinzinger F., Schonlau H., Günner , C. (2014). Towards sustainable sanitation – The HAMBURG WATER cycle in the settlement Jenfelder Au, Water Science Technology: Water Supply, 14(1), pp. 13-21. Rohde , R. (2015) Untersuchungen zur Feststoffbildung in Unterdrucksystemen für den Schwarzwasser transport, Dissertation, Schriftenreihe des b.is, Band 31, Rhombos Verlag IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 8

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Greywater Sampling Sampling procedure and compilation of daily flow proportional samples � � Parameter n Unit Mean STD Median Range Volume Q 17 L/(c*d) 77 16 76 62 -114 Average loads of org. Matter TSS 16 g/(c*d) 9 3.1 8 6 - 16 50% of organic load of VSS 16 g/(c*d) 7 2.9 6 5 - 14 greywater sampling wastewater in greywater BOD 5 15 g/(c*d) 35 11 32 19 - 54 campaign Berlin COD 17 g/(c*d) 66 21 59 46 - 105 “Block 6” Nutrients TP 17 g/(c*d) 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 - 0.8 10% of nutrient load of PO 4 -P 17 g/(c*d) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 TN 17 g/(c*d) 1.3 0.3 wastewater in greywater 1.1 0.8 - 2.1 NH4-N 17 g/(c*d) 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 - 0.4 Sievers, J.; Londong, J.; Albold, A.; Oldenburg, M. (2014). Characterisation of Greywater – Estimation of Design Values In J. Lohaus, ed. Proceedings of 17th International EWA Symposium “ WatEnergyResources – Water, Energy and Resources“ Hennef, European Water Association IWA Athens 14 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 10 10

Average concentrations of blackwater in Lübeck “ Flintenbreite ” Parameter n Unit Mean SD 85%- Percentile org. matter acetic acid 10 mg/l 429.6 244.8 690 propionic 10 mg/l 168.9 123.5 295.4 acid DOC 11 mg/l 1027 314 1420 DIC 11 mg/l 918 94 1332 TOC 7 mg/l 2510 1100 3645 nutrients TP dissolved 7 mg/l 74.1 7.6 82.2 TN dissolved 7 mg/l 1412 108 1486 Wätzel , T.; Sebỏck , S.; Kraft, E. (2013): Anaerobic digestion of separated blackwater - An innovative wastewater treatment step with the option for a specified degradation of pharmaceuticals. Conference Proceeding of the 2013 International Environmental Engineering Conference and Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (IEEC2013) IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 11 11

Blackwater Digestion • 8 CST- reactors, • 4 UASB- reactors, • Volume 40 L each • Online-measurement of gas quantity and quality (CH 4 , CO 2 , O 2 , 780 NL/g oDM added H 2 , H 2 S) • Continuous feeding 570 NL/g oDM added ~2kgCOD/m³ The CSTR operated in stable conditions with volumetric loadings of up to 5 kg COD/m 3 reactor volume*d. For the UASB it was possible to increase the volumetric loading to 12 kg COD/m 3 reactor volume*d. IWA Athens 14 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 12 12

pharmaceutical products in blackwater and degradation Diclofenac Ibuprofen Metformin Metoprolol Amoxicillin Carba- mazepine mean [ µ g/l] 11.6 290.2 1082.4 42.1 596.5 119.3 s tandard 13.3 111.3 934.8 10.6 451.1 32.2 deviation [ µ g/l] median 3.35 305 835 41 460 120 [ µ g/l] � Wätzel , T.; Kraft, E. (2014): Specified, anaerobic degradation of pharmaceuticals and digester gas recovery: A comprehensive study. In: 17th International EWA Symposium "WATEnergyResources - Water, Energy and Resources: Innovative Options and Sustainable Solutions", during IFAT 5-9 May 2014, Munich. IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 13 13

Actually constructed part of the treatment Blackwater strainer Digestate of CSTR CSTR heat compensation exchange tank pump mixing injector Greywater conditioning of digestate sewer IWA Athens 14 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 14 14

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Blackwater and greywater treatment concept at Jenfelder Au To avoid transportation costs and annoyance of residents, the liquid phase should be treated and recycled locally. Urban creek bio-waste to creek solids to digestate post treatment blackwater treatment hydrolysis P-precipitation to gas storage Deammoni- biogas fication filtration storage Greywater hydrolysis- storage storage with reactors sievings solids UASB P-sludge Blackwater Ozone store & separation mix store & greywater mix store & recirculation strainer mix electro-coagulation, Digestate of P-precipitation trickling filter sedimentation CSTR CSTR compensation heat exchange tank post treatment greywater treatment Screw extruder press pump mixing injector conditioning of digestate treatment of digestate sewer to composting The digestate treatment together with the In order to generate usable greywater after prior removal of nitrogen products, the digestate must be (deammonification) and phosphorus separated into a low-solids (precipitation) will be investigated in phase and a muddy, solids and further research projects. phosphate-rich phase. IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 16 16

organisational and institutional aspects The KREIS project has determined the necessary coordination needs that are to be expected during the realization and operation on the quarter level. Early cooperation management is necessary. The acceptance of the system and of its compounds will be evaluated during the operation phase starting in 2017, based on methodologies developed in the KREIS-project. Schramm, E.; Giese, T.: Kerber H. (2015). Kooperationsmanagement zur verbesserten Umsetzung von neuartigen Sanitärsystemen auf Quartiersebene. Energie Wasser/Praxis, 04/2015. IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 17 17

Conclusions Extracting recyclable materials and elimination of pollutants in source separated municipal wastewater of an urban quarter will be demonstrated in Hamburg Jenfelder Au. In the preparatory research project KREIS, knowledge about volumetric quantity, concentrations and specific loads of grey- and blackwater was generated. On the basis of these data and lab-scale experiments, valuable information for the large-scale implementation of the HWC could be gained. Methods for cost analysis and investigations of acceptance were adapted to the project boundaries. IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 18 18

This fairy tale will never come true… but we can work on it ! Düsseldorf, IWA Athens 14.-16.9 .9.2 .2016 16 19 19 Germany