Long g Term Paddy rice- upland nd rotati tional onal experiment iment: Uruguay uay 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR Silvana Tarlera 11
BACKGROUND - Uruguay Rice 32° S; 53° W Mean temperature Sept-Apr: 19. 2ºC Annual Rainfall: 1361 mm Research Station Area: 160500 ha INIA- Treinta y Tres Rice Yield: 8000-8500 kg ha-1 Satellite images Jan-Feb 2016 2 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
One or two N top dressings are normally used (tillering /panicle initiation). The first top dressing is applied on dry soil 1-2 days before flooding to prevent N losses; the second one is applied, when the soil is flooded. 3
Tradit ition ional al rice e production ion system Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Treatment SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW T. Control Rice1 Pa Rice2 Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa SS: spring- summer; AW: autumn-winter 41 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Previo evious stu tudies ies on on GHG G emis ission ions Irisarri, P., Pereyra, V., Fernández, A., Terra, J., Tarlera, S. e 5 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Previo evious stu tudies ies on on GHG G emis ission ions 6 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-term erm paddy rice-uplan land rotation tion experim iment Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Treatment SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW 1 Rice Pa 2 Rice1 Pa Soybean Pa Rice2 Pa Pa Sorghum 3 Rice Pa Pa Pa 4 Rice1 Pa Rice2 Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa 5 Rice1 Pa Soybean1 Pa Soybean2 Pa Rice2 Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa 6 Rice Pa Soybean1 Pa SS: spring- summer; AW: autumn-winter 7 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-term erm paddy rice-uplan pland rotation tional al experim riment ent General Goal: – Identify systems of intensification of soil use by paddy rice-upland crop and pastures rotations that are economically and physically sustainable. 8 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Benef nefit its of rotationa ional plots in padd ddy rice Multiple use of the land Improvement of nutrient imbalance in the plant and soil Increase in crop production Mitigation of methane emission 9 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-term erm paddy rice-uplan pland rotation tional al experim riment ent General Goal: – Identify systems of intensification of soil use by paddy rice-upland crop and pastures rotations that are economically and physically sustainable. Specific goal: – Characterize these systems in relation to GHG emissions and the soil-microbial dynamics involved. Structure and function of the methanogenic microbial communities in Uruguayan soils shifted between pasture and irrigated rice fields . Fernández Scavino et al.; Environmental Microbiology, 2013. 10 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-term erm paddy rice-uplan pland rotation tion experim iment ent Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 ROTATION SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW 1 Rice Pa 4 Rice1 Pa Rice2 Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa 6 Rice Pa Soybean Pa 11 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-te term paddy rice-upl plan and rotati ation onal al experiment: Interac acti tion ons amon ong GHG emiss ssion ons ,microbi bial al dynam amics and past soil manage agement Physicochemical parameters of the soil: pH, redox - , NH 4 + , Org C potential, NO 3 Potential microbial activities: nitrifying, denitrifying, methanogenic and methanotrophic in the lab Quantitative PCR of key genes: nirK , nirS , nosZ , amoA , amoB , pmoA and mcrA Gas fluxes with the closed chamber method in the field on an annual basis 12 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Soil CH CH 4 flux at diffe fere rent nt rice e growth stages es 14 12 CH 4 (kg CH4 ha -1 d -1 ) 10 Tillering 8 Flowering 6 Ripening 4 2 0 R1-Rc R4-Rc1 R4-Rc2 R6-Rc Treatment 13 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Tillering ng stage CH 4 Flux CH a a 2 d -1 ) ) ha -1 d a CH 4 (kg CH 4 ha a ab 1 b ab CH b 0 mcrA gene abundan ance log copies mcrA g -1 dry soil a ab 6 ab b 4 2 0 R1-Rc R4-Rc1 R4-Rc2 R6-Rc 14 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Long-term erm paddy rice-uplan pland rotation tion experim iment ent Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 ROTATION SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW SS AW 1 Rice Pa 4 Rice1 Pa Rice2 Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa Impr Pa 6 Rice Pa Soybean Pa 15 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Tillering ng stage CH 4 Flux CH a a 2 d -1 ) ) ha -1 d a CH 4 (kg CH 4 ha a ab 1 b ab CH b 0 mcrA gene abundan ance log copies mcrA g -1 dry soil a ab 6 ab b 4 2 0 R1-Rc R4-Rc1 R4-Rc2 R6-Rc 16 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Flowe wering ng stage CH CH 4 4 Flux 14 d -1 ) 12 ha -1 d 10 CH 4 (kg CH 4 ha 8 6 4 2 CH 0 mcrA gene e abund undance nce 1 dry soil 6 5 g -1 4 pies mcrA g 3 2 1 log copi 0 R1-Rc R4-Rc1 R4-Rc2 R6-Rc 17 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
Flowe wering ng stage CH 4 CH 4 Flux 14 d -1 ) ) 12 ha -1 d 10 8 CH 4 (kg CH 4 ha 6 4 2 0 CH mcrA gene abundance 1 dry 6 g -1 5 log copies mcrA g 4 3 soil 2 1 0 R1-Rc R4-Rc1 R4-Rc2 R6-Rc No significant differences observed 18 3 rd Meeting PRRG Stuttgart, AR 1
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