PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN DELIVERING SOCIAL SERVICES: THE CASE OF UNIVERSAL SECONDARY EDUCATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN UGANDA M. Barungi, J. Wokadala & I. Kasirye Uganda Evaluation Week 2015, International Conference Hotel Africana, Kampala, 12 th – 13 th March 2015 1 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
CONTENT Options for Findings & Background Methodology policy Conclusion consideration 2 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
BACKGROUND GoU initiated USE policy in 2007 - to consolidate UPE gains & ensure equitable access to secondary education for all eligible students regardless of their socio-economic background. Implementation of USE policy heavily relies on the partnership between MoES & selected privately owned secondary schools – “USE PPP” The USE PPP is largely driven by limited public secondary school infrastructure, which would otherwise limit access to all qualifying children. MoES chooses private secondary schools to partner with & an MoU is signed with them to ensure that they comply with USE policy’s implementation guidelines. 3 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
WHY PPP IN EDUCATION SERVICE PROVISION? 1) Public funding of private schools is justified by the argument that poor students will benefit from the opportunity to enroll in private schools of superior quality than the public schools that would otherwise be their only option. 2) Contracting out education services enables Gov’ts to quickly expand access without incurring any up-front expenditures on constructing & equipping new schools. 4 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
LOW SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT Despite the introduction of USE, GER rates in secondary schools enrolment for secondary education remains low - below 30 35 percent. GROSS ENROLMENT (%) 30 25 20 It should be recognised that the 15 attainment of the USE policy 10 objective depends on how well 5 the actors in the USE PPP press 0 towards the goal. 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 Therefore, we provide insights All Boys Girls into the performance of the USE Source: Education Management Information System 2000 -2012 PPP. 5 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
LINK BETWEEN PERFORMANCE OF THE USE PPP & ATTAINMENT OF THE POLICY OBJECTIVE Attributes of good Successful Increased and PPP performance implementation of equitable access to the USE policy secondary education • All stakeholders • Increased (Government, enrolment • Relevant private schools, parents, etc) fulfil • Reduced their mandates. • Effective dropout • Effective • Efficient monitoring and • Increased evaluation of completion policy • Sustainable implementation. • Participation • Accountability 6 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
DATA AND SOURCES Secondary data - Education Management Information System (EMIS) Primary data – collected in June 2013 from a survey of 61 private USE schools in Arua (11), Iganga (18), Kibaale (9) & Luwero (23). Respondents in the collection of primary data include: Sch. Directors, Headteachers, Chairpersons B.O.Gs, & Bursars. 7 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
DATA ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS – BY LUND-THOMSEN (2007) The analytical framework adapted for this study is a modification of the OECD’s standard aid evaluation criteria, which assesses PPP performance, based on five criteria namely relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability. However, the integrated framework looks at Seven criteria namely: 1) Relevance, 2) Effectiveness, 3) Efficiency, 4) Impact, 5) Sustainability, 6) participation, & 7) Accountability. During the assessment, for each criterion, the respondent is asked to discuss with examples, a set of four questions/issues. Based on the information provided by the respondent, the enumerator, makes an objective assessment of each criterion & assigns numbers 1-3 ; where 1 =True; 2 = True but to a less extent; & 3 = Not true. 8 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING PPPS Criterion Discussion points Clarity of partnership objective(s) & whether the PPP objectives are in line with those of the partnering institutions. Relevance whether the PPP objectives meet the perceived needs of the stakeholders; whether the stakeholders are supportive to the realization of the PPP objectives. o whether the PPP has yielded the intended objectives. o whether the achievement of the intended objective is indeed Effectiveness remarkable o whether the PPP is being implemented as per the guidelines. o whether the stakeholders are satisfied with the outputs/outcomes of the partnership. 9 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING PPPS Criterion Discussion points whether the public financial contribution is adequate whether the private partners are using the available resources optimally Efficiency Whether the private partners have adequate resources to enable them implement the activities of the PPP o Whether the PPP has yielded un-intended consequences o Whether the PPP has co-opted stakeholders o Whether in the PPP regulatory efforts are respected Impact o Whether the PPP has an effective monitoring & enforcement system. • whether the PPP achievements are sustainable in the long run • whether the PPP can financially sustain itself Sustainability • whether the organizational structures created through the PPP will continue to exist. 10 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING PPPS Criterion Discussion points whether the intended beneficiaries of PPPs Participation have had any influence on the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of PPP initiatives. o whether there are internal checks and Accountability balances in the PPP that can be used to guide the conduct of its participants and enforce agreed-upon rules. 11 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
RELEVANCE OF THE USE PPP Nearly 77% of the Headteachers s are fully aware of the objective of partnering with MoES, which is to increase access to secondary education. Headteachers are satisfied with the USE support in terms of capitation grant and the teaching resources. capitation grant – received in lump sum, which enables school management to pay teachers’ salaries, expand and establish new infrastructure, and undertake other activities as per their work plans. Non- monetary support, e.g. textbooks for mandatory subjects, teachers’ guides, in-service training of teachers, English dictionaries and pronunciation CDs, and laboratory equipment and chemicals. 12 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
RELEVANCE OF THE USE PPP … Stakeholders are to some extent supportive to the realization of the objective of the USE policy. Parents: o Take and register their eligible students at school, o some contribute to their children’s feeding by either paying lunch fees in cash or in kind, o others provide school uniforms and scholastic materials to their children, o many parents voluntarily contribute towards the purchase of laboratory chemicals & apparatus, & construction of more school buildings. Political leaders : o Some MPs actively participate in school fund raising activities to support infrastructural developments. o GISOs &DISOs monitor programme implementation 13 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE PPP About 74% of headteachers agreed Contribution (%) of USE to O’ that the USE PPP has yielded substantial increments in school level enrolment 2007 - 2012 enrolments 800 Number of students ('000) 700 Boys Girls 40 45 51 600 62 71 500 83 400 300 60 55 49 38 200 29 17 100 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 USE Non-USE 14 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE PPP … Evidence of adherence to PPP Non-compliance to some extent e.g. guidelines e.g. All schools had certificates o Observed that some schools were not displaying on their of accountability notice boards the funds received as USE capitation All schools had set up grants Boards of Governors o Many Headteachers All schools were admitted admitted that they only eligible students. disregarded expenditure guidelines especially the allocation to teacher’s salaries 15 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
HOW EFFICIENT IS THE USE PPP? Inadequate public financial contribution 3/4 of the Headteachers reported that capitation grant is inadequate & has remained fixed at UGX47, 000 per student per term. Late release of funds - some schools reportedly borrow money from either friends or banks (at high interest rate) to clear their bills. Sub-optimal use of resources by private partners – driven by limited infrastructure With increasing # of students enrolling, there is overcrowding in streams -number of students per stream above 60, the permissible ceiling. Improper storage and display of textbooks, and laboratory chemicals and apparatus. 16 www.eprc.or.ug Empowering You Through Knowledge
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