Types of Effects Human Body Consideration is to be given to whether - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Effects on Types of Effects Human Body ▶ Consideration is to be given to whether any health effects arise after radiation exposure and what effects, if any, the amount of radiation, parts exposed to radiation (whole‐body exposure or local exposure), and exposure modes (acute, chronic or fractionated exposure). Acute radiation Acute radiation Deterministic syndromes syndromes Bone‐marrow Bone‐marrow effects disorders disorders (with the threshold value) Skin erythema Skin erythema Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal Hair loss Hair loss tract disorders tract disorders Acute disorders Acute disorders Sterility, etc Sterility, etc Central nervous Central nervous Symptoms appear within several weeks Symptoms appear within several weeks (Actively dividing cells are affected) (Actively dividing cells are affected) system disorders system disorders Embryo‐fetal disorders Embryo‐fetal disorders Mental retardation, Mental retardation, etc. etc. Fetal disorders Fetal disorders Cataract Cataract Glaucoma Glaucoma Late‐onset disorders Late‐onset disorders Stochastic Symptoms appear after the lapse of Symptoms appear after the lapse of several months to several years or more several months to several years or more effects Leukemia Leukemia Cancer Cancer (assuming that there is no threshold value) Hereditary effects Hereditary effects Increase in incidence of ordinary Increase in incidence of ordinary hereditary disorders hereditary disorders

Effects on Human Body Exposure Modes and Effects High‐dose exposure (Exposed to a large amount of radiation) Low‐dose exposure Acute disorders (Exposed to a small amount of radiation) appear when having Skin injury, been exposed to a nausea, hair large amount of loss? radiation in a short time. Acute exposure (Exposed to a large amount of radiation in a short time) Chronic exposure (Exposed to a small amount of radiation over a long period of time)

Effects on Classification of Radiation Effects Human Body Mechanism of how Incubation period e.g. radiation effects appear Within several Deterministic effects Acute radiation weeks = caused by cell deaths syndromes *1 Acute effects or cell Acute skin disease degeneration *2 (early effects) Categories of effects Physical Abnormal fetal effects development (malformation) After the lapse of Opacity of the lens several months = Stochastic effects Cancer and leukemia Late effects due to mutation Hereditary Hereditary disorders effects *1: Major symptoms are vomiting within several hours after exposure, diarrhea continuing for several days to several weeks, decrease of the number of blood cells, bleeding, hair loss, transient male sterility, etc. *2: Deterministic effects do not appear unless having been exposed to radiation exceeding a certain dose level.

Effects on Deterministic Effects and Stochastic Effects Human Body Deterministic effects Stochastic effects (Cancer, leukemia, hereditary effects, etc.) (Hair loss, cataract, skin injury, etc.) When a number of people were exposed to the same Effects of radiation exposure under certain doses are not dose of radiation and certain symptoms appear in 1% clear because effects of other cancer‐promoting factors of them, said dose is considered to be the threshold such as smoking and drinking habits are too large. dose. However, the ICRP specifies the standards for (2007 Recommendations of the International radiological protection for such low‐dose exposures, Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)) assuming that they may have some effects as well. Assuming that effects would Incidence of effects Incidence of effects appear depending on dose levels No effects Spontaneous incidence 0 0 Dose Dose Assuming that there is Threshold dose no threshold dose