Transition from Waste Management to Circular Economy The EU Roadmap Ms. E. Chioatto 1,3 (elisachioatto@gmail.com ) – Dr. P . Sospiro 2,3 ( sospiro@unifj.it) 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 26th - 29th June 2019, Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece 1 Università di Venezia Ca’ Foscari (Venezia, Italy), V. Palmirano 100/B Ferrara, Italy . 2 Facoltà di Ingegneria Università di Firenze (Firenze, Italy), V. S. Marta 3 Ancona, Italy . 3 EUAbou t Rue Martel 54 Brussels, Belgium.
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Circular Economy (CE) defjnition 1 The Role of Waste Management (WM) The Role of Waste Management (WM) 2 The EU Action toward CE The EU Action toward CE 3 EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis 4 EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis 5
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Limited possibilities to Limited possibilities to Limited resources Limited resources assimilate waste assimilate waste Linear Linear Economy Economy Resource depletion I ncreasing raw material prices Waste accumulation Pollution Circular Circular Economy Economy Resources are saved after consumption and returned into production processes
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Circular Economy (CE) defjnition 1 The Role of Waste Management (WM) The Role of Waste Management (WM) 2 The EU Action toward CE The EU Action toward CE 3 EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis 4 EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis 5
The Role of Waste Management (WM) Feedback Feedback loops loops Economy Linear Circular Economy Linear Circular Economy Economy Economy Economy Sustainable Waste Management Waste into new resources • Resource recovery Enable to produce with recycled materials • Waste prevention Limit the generation of waste
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Circular Economy (CE) defjnition 1 The Role of Waste Management (WM) The Role of Waste Management (WM) 2 The EU Action toward CE The EU Action toward CE 3 EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis 4 EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis 5
The EU Action toward CE KEY DIRECTIVES KEY ACTIONS KEY DIRECTIVES KEY ACTIONS The main guidelines Handling of waste in compliance with the Waste Handling of waste in compliance with the Waste • • Hierarchy Hierarchy Directive on Waste Directive on Waste MS obligation to adopt WM plans ( Art. 28 Dir MS obligation to adopt WM plans ( Art. 28 Dir WASTE • WASTE • PREVENTION Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European 2008/98/EC) PREVENTION Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European 2008/98/EC) • The Roadmap to Resource-Effjcient AND AND Parliament and of the Council of 30 May Parliament and of the Council of 30 May MS obligation to adopt waste prevention TREATMENT MS obligation to adopt waste prevention • TREATMENT Europe • 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC programmes (Art. 29 Dir 2008/98/EC) programmes (Art. 29 Dir 2008/98/EC) MSW targets for re-use and recycling (2025: 55%; MSW targets for re-use and recycling (2025: 55%; • • The EU2020 Strategy • 2030: 60%; 2035: 65%) 2030: 60%; 2035: 65%) Support of Extended Producer Responsibility Support of Extended Producer Responsibility • • Separate collection for at least paper, metal, • The Seventh Environment Action Separate collection for at least paper, metal, • • schemes schemes Directive on packaging and packaging Directive on packaging and packaging plastic, glass Programme ‘Living well with the plastic, glass PACKAGING waste Introduction of packaging made with recycled PACKAGING waste Introduction of packaging made with recycled • • limits of our planet‘ WASTE WASTE materials ( Art. 5 (1) Dir 2018/ 852) materials ( Art. 5 (1) Dir 2018/ 852) Directive (EU) 2018/ 852 of The European REDUCTION Directive (EU) 2018/ 852 of The European REDUCTION AND Parliament and of The Council of 30 May Enhance recyclable packaging (e.g. with bio-based AND Parliament and of The Council of 30 May Enhance recyclable packaging (e.g. with bio-based • • The CE Plan “ Closing the Loop: an • BETTER BETTER 2018 amending Directive 94/62/EC on 2018 amending Directive 94/62/EC on materials) HANDLING materials) EU Action Plan for the CE” HANDLING packaging and packaging waste packaging and packaging waste ( Art. 5 (1) Dir 2018/ 852) ( Art. 5 (1) Dir 2018/ 852) Recycling targets for packaging waste ( 2025: 65%; Recycling targets for packaging waste ( 2025: 65%; • • 2030 70%) with specifjc targets for several 2030 70%) with specifjc targets for several . Directive on the landfjll of waste . Directive on the landfjll of waste materials materials Restrict the landfjll of waste separated collected, Restrict the landfjll of waste separated collected, • LANDFILLED • LANDFILLED Directive (EU) 2018/850 of the European Directive (EU) 2018/850 of the European WASTE especially untreated bio-waste (Art. 5 (3) Dir WASTE especially untreated bio-waste (Art. 5 (3) Dir Parliament and of the Council of 30 May REDUCTION Parliament and of the Council of 30 May REDUCTION 2018/850) 2018/850) AND 2018 amending Directive 1999/31/EC on AND 2018 amending Directive 1999/31/EC on SAFE MS shall diminish the amount of MSW landfjlled to SAFE the landfjll of waste MS shall diminish the amount of MSW landfjlled to the landfjll of waste • • DISPOSAL DISPOSAL less than 10% of the total amount of MSW less than 10% of the total amount of MSW generated by 2035 (Art. 5 (3)(a) Dir 2018/850) generated by 2035 (Art. 5 (3)(a) Dir 2018/850)
TWO-STEPS ANAL YSIS TWO-STEPS ANAL YSIS 4 case study considered: France, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands 1 From Comparative Analysis on legislative measures for municipal Waste waste management Manageme Evaluation of performances, in the period 2004-2016, of: nt to Sustainabl - Waste generation e WM - Waste treatment - Waste landfjlled Eurostat data Waste legislation relevance to transform waste into Secondary Raw Material Waste legislation relevance to transform waste into Secondary Raw Material 2 From 4 case study considered: France, Italy, Germany, The Sustainabl Netherlands e WM to Circular Comparative Analysis on circularity through the Circular Material Use Economy SWM practices also favour circularity of resources? SWM practices also favour circularity of resources?
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Circular Economy (CE) defjnition 1 The Role of Waste Management (WM) The Role of Waste Management (WM) 2 The EU Action toward CE The EU Action toward CE 3 EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis 4 EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis 5
Case- studies analysis
Circular Economy (CE) defjnition Circular Economy (CE) defjnition 1 The Role of Waste Management (WM) The Role of Waste Management (WM) 2 The EU Action toward CE The EU Action toward CE 3 EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis EU Roadmap to Sustainable WM: 4 case –study analysis 4 EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis EU Roadmap to CE: Circular Material Use rate analysis 5
Circular Material Use (CMU) Ratio that measures at macroeconomical level the « share of material recovered and fed back into the economy - thus saving extraction of primary raw materials- on overall material use ». (Eurostat 2018) = U = input of domestic waste into recovery operations ( excluding energy recovery and backfjlling) minus imported waste destined for recovery, plus exported waste destined for recovery abroad M = domestic material consumption plus U
Conclusio ns France Germany Italy The Netherlands 19.5% 11.4% 17.0% 29.0% Generally, progresses on recycling are not enough for Resource Effjciency EU economy appears still mostly output oriented (Domenech and Bahn- Walkowiak) need of policies focused also on reducing the input of resources. NEW PRODUCTS’ DESIGN APPROACHES: • Products’ recyclability since manufacturing; • Use of regenerative sources and SRMs; • Extension of products lives; • Elimination of toxic materials.
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