Toward Definitions COMP34512 Sebastian Brandt - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Toward Definitions COMP34512 Sebastian Brandt brandt@cs.manchester.ac.uk (Slides by Bijan Parsia bparsia@cs.man.ac.uk) Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Last class(es)... • We are well into KA – Term extraction – Initial regimentation • Normalisation • Hierarchical organisation • Categorisation – Started additional capture • Adding definitions • Ready to consider the next step – Proto-Formalisation! • Remember: – Interest sensitive and context relative – We’re looking for benefits (to way against costs) • But first... 2 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Remember our passage • With highlighting! – There are several sorts of domesticated animals, though by far the most are mammals (like us!). For example, our faithful pets, cats and dogs, are clearly domesticated (or we would not keep such dangerous carnivores in our homes), as is the delicious* yet docile** cow which is farmed in ever increasing numbers. • Why not: – There are several sorts of domesticated animals, though by far the most are mammals (like us!). For example, our faithful pets, cats and dogs, are clearly domesticated (or we would not keep such dangerous carnivores in our homes), as is the delicious* yet docile** cow which is farmed in ever increasing numbers. *Keep Bijan’s vegetarianism firmly in mind! **”Docile” never makes it in. 3 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

What terms should go in? • It depends! – Interests and context – Resources, including • Time • Energy • Representational capabilities • Skill, etc. • Fewer than all – A generally good rule of thumb • Other than what’s there – Another good rule of thumb! – “Fleshing out” • Organisational needs (e.g., “LivingThing”) • Representational needs (e.g., “eats”) • Coverage, “completeness” (e.g., “omnivore”) 4 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

What terms are definable? • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General • Animal • Mammal – Specific • Cat • Dog • Cow • Human • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous • Herbivorous • Omnivorous – Specific • Pet • Farmed 5 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

What terms are definable? • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General ???? • Animal only? • Mammal eats? – Specific • Cat = only eats dogs both? • Dog = eats cats Bijan? • Cow = vegetarian like Bijan • Human = eats anything (but not cats and dogs) • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats meat • Herbivorous = eats plants • Omnivorous = eats plans and meat – (= is both a carnivore and an herbivore) – Specific • Pet 6 • Farmed Tuesday, 11 February 2014

First Regiment! • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General ???? • Animal only? • Mammal eats? – Specific • Cat = eats dogs both? • Dog = eats cats Bijan? • Cow = eats plants • Human = eats both plants and meat • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats meat • Herbivorous = eats plants • Omnivorous = (both a carnivore and an herbivore) – Specific • Pet • Farmed – 7 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Regimented? • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General ???? Normalise! • Animal only? • Mammal eats? – Specific Ambiguous! • Cat = eats dogs both? • Dog = eats cats Bijan? • Cow = eats plants • Human = eats both plants and meat Are these really • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) definitions? – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats meat • Herbivorous = eats plants • Omnivorous = both a carnivore and an herbivore – Specific • Pet • Farmed – 8 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Regimented! • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General eats • Animal Plant • Mammal and – Specific • Cat = eats Dog Meat • Dog = eats Cat • Cow = eats Plant • Human = eats Plant and Meat Are all these • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) necessary? – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats Meat • Herbivorous = eats Plant • Omnivorous = Carnivorous and Herbivorous – Specific • Pet • Farmed – 9 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Pruned! • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General eats • Animal and Domain specific • Mammal not – Specific “Logicy” • Cat = eats Dog • Dog = eats Cat • Cow = eats not Animal • Human = eats not Animal and Animal Still too strong! • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) Repetitive! – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats Animal • Herbivorous = eats not Animal • Omnivorous = Carnivorous and Herbivorous – Specific • Pet • Farmed 10 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Pruned! • Self-Standing (nouny terms) • New Terms – General eats • Animal and Domain specific • Mammal not – Specific “Logicy” • Cat = eats Dog SubClassOf • Dog = eats Cat • Cow SubClassOf eats not Animal • Human SubClassOf eats not Animal and Animal • Modifiers (adjectivally terms) – General • Domesticated • Wild • Carnivorous = eats Animal • Herbivorous = eats not Animal • Omnivorous = Carnivorous and Herbivorous – Specific • Pet • Farmed 11 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

We’re ready to formalise! only came back! 12 Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Underlying Language Class: Cat Annotations: rdfs:comment "eats only Dog", rdfs:comment "Definable", rdfs:comment "SelfStanding" EquivalentTo: eats only Dog SubClassOf: Mammal (There are many possible syntaxes!) 13 Tuesday, 11 February 2014