Toward a System Approach of Distributed Information Awareness to - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Toward a System Approach of Distributed Information Awareness to support Emergency Response Amina SAOUTAL, Nada Matta and J.Pierre Cahier Troyes University of Technology, France 1

Context Culture Multitude Type Complexity Objectives Organization time space Terminology natural Priorities Man made Information Information from other What is Awareness? in intra- actors orgnaization Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis 2

Context The concept of «Awareness» varies with the variation of discipline Education Collaborative work ( Belkadi et al, 2013 ) Cognitive Social Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis 3

Context Situation awareness is the perception of the elements Cognitive in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future (Endsley, 2000) Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis 4

Context -“Awareness is an understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for our own activity” (Dourish and Bellotti, 1992). Collaborative - Awareness “ refers to a person’s being or becoming aware of work something ” “Awareness is pick up what is going around” (Schmidt, 2002). - A wareness” involve adopting the right information at the right time to the What is Awareness? right actor (Gorman, 2006 ; Salmon, 2010) Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis 5

Context Information Awareness is picking up and perceive the needed and the relevant information at the right time about what is going around for a given context in order to achieve the interdependent activities 1- Actors know previously what they have to pick up from others in each situation. 2- Actors have to pick what they have not anticipate previously and which is relevant to What is Awareness? achieve their activity Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis 6

Question Research What are the factors that hinder achieving information awareness (IA) within inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management? How to support IA with in inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management? 7

Departmental organization in crisis response DRO. DRO. Crisis cell F. Res. P. Res. F. Res. P. Res. EMS Res. EMS Res. (Prefecture) Strategic level Police EMS Operational Center Emergency Medical Operational Center of Police OCP Service EMS of Fire OCF Firefighter Tactical level PC PC Analysis/tactical PC CP DSM decision Instructions/ CRO Requests Message of Implementation information Information reporting from ground Recognition Firefighter Instructions / Verification / Police validation Emergency Medical Information Debriefing Service Operational level 8

Empirical Study: User centered design Debriefing Analyse the Semi-structured information Observation interviews awareness issues N ° Organizatio Role n I1 Fire Commandant department I2 Fire Colonel -Phase I:: Understanding the current department practices and procedures I3 Fire Group chief department -Phase II: Information in common core I4 Fire Trainer at firefighter/former firefighter department among the various organizations I5 Fire Commandant of rescue operation involved. department I6 EMS Chief of emergency medical assistance service/ expert I7 EMS expert I8 Police Captain: Deputy officer of information I9 Police Colonel: commandant of police 9 I10 Consultant Former firefighter/ expert

Empirical Study: User centered design Debriefing Analyse the Semi-structured information Observation interviews awareness issues N ° Exercise observation Participants N ° Debriefing type Participants in E1 Shooting in commercial stores FRS-Police-EMS- debriefing others D1 Accident bus in highway Real case Expert -EMS E2 Population evacuation Red Cross D2 Nuclear transport Exercise Expert-EMS D3 Retirement home Real case Expert-EMS Understand how information is D4 Storm 99 Real case CRO communicated in inter-organizational level in order to identify awareness issues 10

What are the factors that hinder achieving information awareness in inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management? 11

Findings Event Description Information awareness issues (difficulties to pick up what is going around) •CP are not set up in the first hour of crisis Weak interaction between actors in •EMS could not access to the field to treat victims and wait information inter-organization: difficulty to identify from firefighter (D1) the different interlocutor and interact • “We need to identify who is the interlocutor for each service and who is with each other and then pick up what the decision maker” (I6) they are interested in and what is going •CRO cannot find an interlocutor from EMS to have a medical answer around Shooting in (E1) commercial stores E •Potential transmitter may have the relevant information for others to Unavailalbility of the right information at embed and adjust their actions, but he does not communicate it or he the right time communicates fragment information (I7) • “We are not able to access to the field, we need to know the perimeter Accident bus of exclusion, information about victims and what could we do” (I6, D1) in highway “We realize that we are really advanced and we wait the vehicles of (D1) firefighter, that police give us the information of access… the transmitter do not give information at the right time” (I6,D1) 12

Findings Event Description Information awareness issues (difficulties to pick up what is going around) Shooting in Shift phase between the different levels bottom-up & top-down Information flow is slow commercial “The time is not the same in the field as in the CC of EMS, and in the stores DOC ” (I6) (E1) E1 “We are not necessarily aware at the right time about the decisions made strategic level” (I6) Accident bus “There is a problem of information top-down, we are not aware about the in highway major decision made in SL and they are not communicated to actors on (D1) field” (I6,D2) “Sometimes, the Commander of rescue makes decision. However there is a delay to receive this decision” (I6) • Actors do not exchange information about the victims identified and in Information reliability which area, so the information reported are different (E1, D1, I6) “The prefect needs reliable information, thus he requests the verification and confirmation of information. Sometimes the red (Firefighter) reports a victim number, the white (EMS) reports another and idem for the blue (Police).” (I6) “ The identity of victims is the big problem. The crusaders information may be different from the different services” (I8) “ The non-verification of information may even generate the shock to the citizens and families of victims involved” (I9). 13

Findings Firefighter EMS Police Team in the accident Antares radio Antares radio Antares radio GSM Common frequency in small network about 5km Communication System manage System manage System manage center in radio track radio track radio track Operational center System for resource System for resource System for resource management management management Cartography Cartography Cartography Communication Center in Synergi Portal: succint information Departmental Operational center 14