To seT before These men The scripTure of inspiraTion Libraries of The earLy penaL seTTLemenTs mary carroLL
Ongoing research • Records of the collection of the library at the Melbourne Teachers Training College • The US Office of War Information Libraries/librarians in Australia and New Zealand during WWII • Libraries of the Australian penal settlements
“Libraries are places that are greater than the sum of their books”, they are “a series of inter-related spaces where meaning is constructed and conveyed, where people communicate and where complex significant practices occur”. Black, A., Pepper, S. & Bagshaw, K. (2009). Books, buildings and social engineering: Early public libraries in Britain from past to present . Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Consideration of a library collection as an ‘artifact’ or as a place from which ‘meaning can be constructed’ provides the opportunity to gather insights into the individuals or organisation who use or who are responsible for the collection and the wider influences at work in a community at a particular moment or over time. Carroll, M. & Griffith. (2015). Shaping teachers minds. Paper presented ANZLHES 2015 Wellington, New Zealand
Rough timeline 1788 – The First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay. Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet disembarked at Port Jackson along with 751 convicts and their children and 252 marines and their families. 1790 – 1791 – 2 nd and 3 rd fleets arrive. 1793 – The first free Europeans arrive. Alexander Maconochie 1810 – Assignment system: convicts were seen as a Archives office of Tasmania source of labour could be used to build roads, bridges oai:oai.statelibrary.tas.gov.au:PH or assigned to free settlers and small land holders. 30-1-2026 1825 Colony of Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania) receives autonomy. Convict ships were sent from England directly to the colony from 1812-1853 and over the 50 years from 1803-1853 around 67,000 convicts were transported to Tasmania. 1830 Port Arthur Penal settlement established. 1839-40 New Probation System: no convicts who arrived after June 1840 were to be assigned to private service until after periods of ‘punishment’ on public works. 1840-1844 Captain Alexander Maconochie Norfolk Island. 1848 saw the first stone laid for the Separate Prison at Port Arthur. 1868 – By the time the last shipment of convicts disembarked in Western Australia, 162,000 men and women had been transported to Australia as convicts on 806 ships. The population of Australia stood at around one million. Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW, SV8/NorfI/5
Courtesy of the NLA. Cooke, Edward William (1829). Prison-ship in Portsmouth Harbour, convicts going aboard . s.n, [London]
https://archive.org/details/convictshipengla00brow
Browning, Colin Arrott & Browning, Colin Arrott, 1791-1856. England's exiles (1847). The convict ship ; and, England's exiles ; in two parts (2nd ed). Hamilton, Adams, & Co, London.
The juvenile prisoner however is in general deplorably ignorant of religious and moral duties, incapable of comprehending the public addresses of the Chaplain, or of reading and understanding good books which may be lent him to peruse. In this case, besides the labors of the Chaplain, it is obvious that those of the Schoolmaster are required. Benjamin Horne’s report on Point Puer Boys’ Prison, to His Excellency Sir John Franklin K.C.H. and K.R. Lieut. Governor of Van Diemen's Land, Point Puer, March 7 1843’ . Edited extracts from Archives Office of Tasmania document C0280/157/520, accessed November 13, 2011 http://keyportarthur.org.au/extras/1040/Benjamin%20Hornes%20report%20on%20Point%20Puer.pdf
Number of volumes in prison libraries [England] 1835-1848
(1880). Photograph - Port Arthur - Penitentiary - interior view by Beattie . LINC Tasmania
Plan - Ross - Penitentiary buildings (Probation station) - plans to convert to reformatory PWD266-1-1699 LINC Tasmania
St. Helena Penal Establishment. (1887). Rules for Prison Library, 1887 Fryer Library manuscript collection F3353
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