Time course of changes in lactation performance, blood metabolites, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Time course of changes in lactation performance, blood metabolites, inflammation and milk fatty acids during subacute ruminal acidosis induction and recovery in dairy cows E. Sandri, Y. Couture, R. Gervais, J. Levesque and D. E. Rico*

6.4 6.2 Sometimes 6.0 pH accompanied by 5.8 milk fat depression (MFD) 5.6 5.4 10:09:40 11:09:40 12:09:40 13:09:40 13:54:40 15:09:40 16:09:40 17:24:40 18:09:40 19:09:40 20:09:40 21:24:40 22:09:40 23:09:40 00:09:40 01:09:40 02:09:40 03:09:40 04:24:40 05:09:40 06:09:40 07:09:40 08:09:40 09:09:40 1) Time below pH 5.6 > 180 min (Gozho et al., 2005; Castillo-Lopez et al., 2004) 2) Time in acidosis + systemic inflammation (Khafipour et al., 2012). pH 5.6 > 180 min + increase in acute phase proteins

1.6 Control * 1.4 LF/HO 1.2 Fat yield (kg/d) 1.0 SEM = 0.08 * P < 0.05 0.8 LF= Low forage 0.6 HO= High oil 0.4 0.2 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 Time (d) Rico and Harvatine, 2013

Ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA Linolenic acid Propionibacterium acnes A + B Linoleic acid A + B A A A B B *Group A B Lourenço et al., 2010 Hartfoot and Hazlewood, 1997

Microbiota transformation trans-10, cis-12, CLA, % during BH induced MFD Control LF/HO Témoin Induction * 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 4 8 12 20 Time , d Abundance relative, % g_Fibrobacter g_Treponema g_succiniclasticum 16S rRNA o_Clostridiales sequencing g_Succinivibrionaceae g_Prevotella 4 8 12 20 4 8 12 20 Azad et al., 2015 Control Induction Recovery

Odd chain FA Propionate, Valerate (odd chain VFA) Amylolytic bacteria Val, Leu, Ile Milk OBCFA (branched chain AA) Rumen Mammary Branched chain FA gland anteiso iso Amylolytic Cellulolytic bacteria bacterua Vlæminck et al. 2005 Fievez et al. 2012

Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 � 52 DIM; 35.5 � 8.9 kg of milk/d; mean � SD) 1) SARA induction; (29% starch, 24% NDF, and 2.8% fatty acids) 2) Control / Recovery ; (20% starch, 31% NDF, and 2.3% fatty acids) Cow Pre-Exp. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 1 Control Control Induction Recovery 2 Induction Recovery Control Induction 3 Control Induction Recovery Control

Experimental sampling on d 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 of each period. Y ijk = µ + C i + P j + T k + D l + T k *D l + e ijkl Where: μ = Overall mean C i = Random effect of cow P j = Random effect of period T k = Treatment D l = Day e ijk = Residual error Preplanned contrasts: CON vs. SARA (A = P < 0.05; a = P < 0.10) CON vs. Recovery (R = P < 0.05; r = P < 0.10) at each time point

Control SARA Recovery Ecow, UK Mean rumen pH Time below 5.6, h/d 8 6.4 A 7 Trt x time P < 0.001 6.2 6 6.0 R A 5 5.8 4 A 5.6 3 5.4 A 2 Trt x time P < 0.001 5.2 1 5.0 0 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery Dry matter intake Milk yield 32 A 45 A A 30 r 41 A 28 R 37 kg/d kg/d 26 33 24 r Trt x time P < 0.001 29 Trt x time P < 0.001 22 20 25 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery Milk fat concentration Milk fat yield 1.6 5.0 4.5 1.4 r R 4.0 kg/d 1.2 % a 3.5 A r A 1.0 3.0 Trt x time P = 0.001 Trt x time P = 0.001 0.8 2.5 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Insulin 30 A 25 R 20 SARA μg/L Recovery 15 Control 10 r 5 All Trt x time P = 0.001 0 7 14 21 Time, d NEFA BHBA 140 0.11 120 0.09 mmol/L μEq/L 100 0.07 80 0.05 60 r A a A 40 0.03 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery LBP, ng/mL 200 No effects detected on plasma A a 170 cytokines: 140 IFNα, IFNγ, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-1 F5, IL-21, IP-10, MIG, MIP-1β, and TNFα 110 80 Trt x time P < 0.001 50 0 7 14 21 Time, d

Control SARA Recovery trans -11, C18:1 trans -10, C18:1 0.8 0.40 A R % of milk fat % of milk fat 0.6 0.30 0.4 0.20 R A 0.2 0.10 Trt x time P = 0.01 Trt x time P = 0.001 0.0 0.00 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d trans -10/trans-11 ratio A 1.0 R trans -10, cis -12 CLA not detected % of milk fat 0.8 0.6 Gama-proteobacteria were associated 0.4 with the trans -10/ trans -11 ratio 0.2 Trt x time P = 0.001 0.0 (r=0.70) 0 7 14 21 Time, d

Control SARA Recovery C15:0 C13:0 2.0 0.30 A A R 1.8 0.25 R % of milk fat % of milk fat 1.6 0.20 1.4 0.15 1.2 0.10 1.0 0.05 Trt x time: P < 0.001 Trt x time: P < 0.001 0.8 0.00 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery C14:0 iso C16:0 iso 0.30 0.20 Trt x time: P < 0.001 Trt x time: P < 0.001 0.25 R 0.15 % of milk fat % of milk fat 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.10 R R 0.05 0.05 A A 0.00 0.00 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery C17:0 anteiso C15:0 anteiso 0.50 0.46 Trt x time: P < 0.001 Trt x time: P = 0.02 r % of milk fat % of milk fat 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.35 0.34 R A A A R A 0.30 0.3 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

Control SARA Recovery > 16C yield < 16C yield 550 505 A 500 405 450 305 g/d g/d a 400 R 205 A 350 105 Trt x time: P < 0.001 Trt x time: P < 0.001 300 5 0 7 14 21 0 7 14 21 Time, d Time, d

• Induction of SARA resulted in a rapid and transient reduction in milk fat synthesis, which was not strongly associated with ruminal biohydrogenation. • Milk odd and branched fatty acids closely followed acidosis. Changes detected in iso and anteiso fatty acids by d 3 of diet switch. • Potential to develop models for early prediction of SARA by indirect methods.

Thanks!