The value of information disclosed via the patent system William Meredith 14 March 2007
Introduction Nearly 1 million new inventions are disclosed via the patent system every year. These applications have important business and economic 2 value.
Disclosure Monopoly Public Property Rights Disclosure Patents are monopoly property rights that exist to create an incentive for innovation. The economic purpose of disclosure is to balance the potential inefficiencies of monopoly. Patents are territorial, but disclosure is global. 3
An Example - WO 2006/020305 “Gestures for Touch-Sensitive Input Devices” 4
An Example - WO 2006/020305 “Gestures for Touch-Sensitive Input Devices” 5
Apple iPhone - announced in January 2007 6
Business use of patent information New Entrants Suppliers’ Degree of Customers back- forward Competitiveness integration integration Threat of Substitutes Michael Porter - Five Forces Model (borrowed from Johannes Schaf) 7
Strategic Analysis Technology lifecycles, watch services Infringement, Company analysis patentability, Company analysis freedom to operate Technology Analysis. Emerging Fields Patent information can contribute to strategic analysis of an industry 8
Example - Waste Management 1027 results RSS Notifications Graphical Views 9
Dimensions of Analysis Applicant / Inventor Concept Geography n o i t a c i f i s s a l C 10 Time Different categories can be combined to analyse patent data
Example - Waste Management 125 100 75 50 25 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 US JP DE GB FR KR IT CA CH AU Other Evolution of applications over time and by origin 11
Example - Waste Management Review the most active applicants in this technology area 12
Example - Cluster / Concept Analysis Text is analysed to extract the main concepts. Then documents with similar concepts are grouped together. An analyst can visualise the distribution of concepts 13 in a set of documents.
Benefits of Patent Analysis • Reduce costs allocation of resources to most productive activities, avoid ‘re-inventing the wheel’ • Reduce risk freedom to operate; identify winning projects • Improve productivity IP management processes • Increase revenue faster time to market; licensing opportunities, etc 14
Where to find Patent Information Specialised Patent databases: Patent search and Free, public biomedical, Analytics delivery information: engineering, services PatentScope, etc espacenet, PatFT, Japio, KIPRIS, SurfIP, etc Added-value commercial vendors Publishing offices: JPO, USPTO, WIPO, KIPO, SIPO, EPO, etc 15
Economic use of Patent Information ➡ Long term growth is dependant on knowledge accumulation. ➡ Knowledge production is a key determinant of future welfare. ➡ Understanding and optimising knowledge production have become important policy questions. Endogenous growth theory: Y=F(H,A,K,L) (ouput is determined by human capital, accumulated knowledge, as well as capital and effective labour) 16
Economic use of Patent Information Patents are (imperfect) indicators of knowledge production Patent information contains a level of details that is unavailable elsewhere, and can be used for the study of: ➡ Knowledge production, innovation and research ➡ Trade and productivity growth ➡ Technology flows 17
Example - EU Innovation Scoreboard Source: European innovation scoreboard - summary innovation index Patent output is a basic indicator in the composite innovation index. 18
Example - R&D Weighted Index Resident patent applications per R&D expenditure, 2004 19 Source: WIPO Statistics Database
Example: Technology Concentration by Country - Telecommunications 3.500 2.625 1.750 0.875 0 -0.875 -1.750 FI CN SE KR SG CA NL FR US IL JP IE GB DE IT ES NO RU AU ZA AT CH IN DK NZ BR BE Source: WIPO Statistics Database 20
Technology Concentrations South Africa as a Country of Origin Relative Concentration of Patents by Technology Area Civil engineering, building, mining Materials, metallurgy Chemical engineering Consumer goods and equipment Thermal processes and apparatus Agricultural and food processing, machinery and apparatus Handling, printing Materials processing, textiles, paper Mechanical Elements Nuclear engineering Environmental technology Medical technology Transport Information technology Analysis, measurement, control technology Machine tools Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical Engines, pumps, turbines Surface technology, coating Agriculture, food chemistry Audio-visual technology Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics Biotechnology Telecommunications Chemical and petrol industry, basic materials chemistry Optics Macromolecular chemistry, polymers Organic fine chemistry Semiconductors 21 - 1 0 1 2 3 Source: WIPO Statistics Database
Technology Concentrations Patent Filings in South Africa Relative Concentration of Patents by Technology Area Organic fine chemistry Chemical engineering Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics Agriculture, food chemistry Materials, metallurgy Biotechnology Materials processing, textiles, paper Environmental technology Chemical and petrol industry, basic materials chemistry Agricultural and food processing, machinery and apparatus Handling, printing Macromolecular chemistry, polymers Civil engineering, building, mining Thermal processes and apparatus Medical technology Machine tools Surface technology, coating Nuclear engineering Consumer goods and equipment Mechanical Elements Analysis, measurement, control technology Engines, pumps, turbines Transport Information technology Electrical devices, electrical engineering, electrical Optics Telecommunications Audio-visual technology Semiconductors 22 - 1 0 1 2 3 Source: WIPO Statistics Database
Thank you 23
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