� THE SOLAR DECATHLON � THE FIRST LIGHT HOUSE � CONSTRUCTION � FRANK KITTS PARK � BUILDING PERFORMANCE � DISCUSSION
The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon challenges 20 collegiate teams to design, build, and operate solar-powered houses that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and attractive. 10 CONTESTS 1. ARCHITECTURE 2. MARKET APPEAL 3. ENGINEERING 4. COMMUNICATIONS 5. AFFORDABILITY 6. COMFORT ZONE 7. HOT WATER 8. APPLIANCES 9. HOME ENTERTAINMENT 10.ENERGY BALANCE 20 TEAMS US CANADA CHINA BELGIUM NZ
Contest 1: Architecture Designing an aesthetically pleasing house that successfully coordinates: - Architectural elements [doors, windows, materials] - Lighting design [daylight and electric light] - Integration of solar technologies - Architectural drawings Team California 2009
Contest 4: Communications Explaining the house and educating the public about solar technologies through: -The team website - A video walkthrough - Photos and digital images - Public tours in New Zealand and Washington DC Team California 2009
Contest 3 & 6: Engineering & Comfort Zone Making sure the house feels comfortable by: - Making sure the indoor temperature stays between 21.7 o C and 24.4 o C - Keeping the relative humidity below 60% - Designing the house on passive solar principles - Using mechanical heating and ventilation efficiently Team Germany 2009
Contest 8: Appliances Showing what life in the house is like by: - Running all appliances on a daily basis - Fridge - Freezer - Dishwasher - Clothes washer - Clothes dryer - Choosing energy efficient appliances Fisher & Paykel
Contest 9: Home Entertainment Showing what life in the house is like by: -Running all the house electronics [TV, computer, lights] -Inviting the neighbours round for dinner -Hosting a movie night for friends Dinner party Movie night
Contest 5: Affordability Maximum points awarded for a total construction cost of < US$250,000 - Scale tapers down to $600,000 where no points are awarded Contest 10: Energy Balance Net zero energy consumption - Making sure that all the energy used in the house has been produced by the house Team Germany 2009
The Solar Decathlon The Kiwi Bach Competitive High Performance Transportation and Prefabrication Energy Conservation Energy Generation
FIRST LIGHT First Light demonstrates that energy efficiency and contemporary living can be brought together to create a place that is both sympathetic to the environment and tuned to our way of life.
First Light Entry – Conceptual Design Model
2011 Competition Entries – Concept Designs
CONSTRUCTION � CONSTRAINED BY TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS � 7 DAY ASSEMBLY TIMEFRAME � MODULARISATION � PREFABRICATION
MODULARISATION � EASE OF TRANSPORT � FLATPACK CENTRAL MODULE #3 � PREFABRICATION � STANDARDISED CONNECTIONS
TYPICAL MODULE STANDARDISED
1. ROOF 2. WALL 2. WALL & WINDOW EXPLODED MODULE PREFABRICATE 3. FLOOR
ROOF Reduce structure = Increase insulation Minimise depth = Maximise ceiling height Standardise Elements = Increased production efficiency - Reducing cost, time, resources & waste
� Roof structure almost 100% plywood, including rafters – very lightweight, � very durable, � each module individually waterproofed, � made by Ferndale Joinery on CNC router Ferndale Joinery roof construction showing tapered gutter detail
Ferndale Joinery – roof construction
Lightweight roof system – box-beam trusses and 21mm ply CNC-routed profiled ribs span housing module – minimum of materials – construction by Ferndale Joinery
Mainzeal Construction and Build Central offload roof panels
WALLS
Walls being constructed as panels at Carters prenail plant
FLEXUS CONCRETE AND LVL COMPOSITE FLOORS Installing Ecoinsulation wool to underside of floor panel � 50mm THERMAL MASS � LVL JOISTS � RESISTANCE TO CRACKING � 5.4m SPAN
Assemble foundations – check height of space
Basic house modules assembled – pre-cladding Construction process Wellington 2011
M3 - CENTRAL MODULE � OVERWIDTH – 3m � FLATPACKED TO FIT IN STANDARD CONTAINER � LARGE BIFOLD DOORS AND SKYLIGHT � FOCAL POINT OF THE DESIGN
FRANK KITTS PARK: PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT � TEST ASSEMBLY � SHOWCASE OF SPONSORS � PUBLIC TOURS � COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION
SPONSOR RECOGNITION � OPENING NIGHT � SPONSORS EXHIBIT � SPONSORS TOURS AND OTHER EVENTS � PROMOTING TIES WITH INDUSTRY
MERIDIAN ENERGY: PRINCIPAL SPONSORS DAY � “SOLAR POWERED COFFEE” � HOSTED BY JEREMY WELLS � WIDESPREAD PUBLICITY � DINNER EVENING
PUBLIC TOURS � 300,000+ HOUSE VISITS AT 2009 SOLAR DECATHLON � EDUCATING THE WIDER PUBLIC � PRESENTATION AND TOUR GUIDING PRACTICE � PEOPLE FLOW MANAGEMENT AND CROWD CONTROL
Net zero energy housing Reducing our energy use to optimize our energy generation - Designing with climate in mind to reduce our energy consumption - Utilizing passive solar techniques to reduce energy use for heating/cooling - Using basic technology to help reduce energy use - Reducing energy use in day to day lives - Generating the power using PV’s Many homes in New Zealand waste energy. They are badly designed and constructed, have inadequate insulation, and use a lot of energy to heat and run.
HEEP Household Energy End-use study Total energy use in average NZ home Lighting 8% Hot water 29% Other appliances 13% Refrigeration 10% Cooking 6% Space heating 34% The study found that the average total energy use per household was 11,410 kWh/yr
NZ homes are cold! August-September mean Northern North Island Southern North Island Christchurch Southern South Island temperatures Living room 16.5 16.1 16.1 14.7 External temperature 11.9 9.3 10.3 7.3 Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures By region M orning Day Evening Night 7-9am 9am-5pm 5-11pm 11pm-7am 13.5 15.8 17.8 14.8 Living room 12.6 14.2 15 13.6 Bedroom 7.8 12 9.4 7.6 Ambient Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures across a day Low indoor air temperatures are associated with poor health, a variety of social and economic problems for residents as well as contributing to mould and dampness in homes.
Thermal Comfort Thermal qualities – Warm, Cool, Humid, Breezy, Radiant, Cozy Being aware of our climate helps us to design buildings that are responsive to our changing environment and can maintain a high level of thermal comfort using as little energy as possible
Climate & Shelter warm/humid Climate and its effect on the thermal environment - Temperature temperate - Humidity - Wind - Rainfall - Solar Radiation cold The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate
Wellington Climate vs Washington DC Climate Three Sites – One house The National Mall, Washington DC Frank Kitts Park, Wellington Which Climate do we design for?
Temperature Washington DC, USA
Temperature Wellington, New Zealand
Temperature Wellington vs DC comparison
Passive Solar Design The concept of passive solar architecture In passive solar building design , windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.
Thermal analysis Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope - Insulation and Heat Loss - Thermal Mass - Ventilation - Glazing & Skylight - Shading
Thermal resistance of building envelope Construction R-value (m 2 . ° C/ W) Building Element Roof 6.48 Wall 5.77 Concrete Floor 5.46 Timber Floor 5.88 Glazing 1.11 Door - Skylight 1.11
Thermal mass Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope Winter Night Winter day
Thermal mass Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope
Glazing Type of glass & Frame
Testing at Frank Kitts park
Energy use Using technology to help reduce our energy consumption
Heating & Cooling
Hot Water
Hot Water
COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION � THERMAL COMFORT � HVAC COMMISSIONING � PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING � AIR TIGHTNESS � THERMAL IMAGING � BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM � ENERGY GENERATION VS. ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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