Keynote The role of CAN in the age of Industrial Ethernet and IoT 16 th International CAN Conference Nuremberg Christian Schlegel, Managing Director, HMS Technology Center Ravensburg chsc@hms-networks.de 2017-03-07
Looking back into history … When CAN was born
Looking back into history … When CAN was born Personal Computer The 80‘s A decade of fast Wearables evolving and (Walkman) spreading technolgy Mobile Phones
Looking back into history … When CAN was born The 80‘s Automation A decade of fast evolving and Cars spreading (Automotive) technolgy
Looking back into history … When CAN was born Automation New fieldbus technology • serial communication principle RS232 RS485 • considerably increased wire speed Serial interfaces • more features (e.g. device management) Limited in - bandwidth • master/slave communication - functionality - no. of principle devices
Looking back into history … When CAN was born Cars (Automotive)
Looking back into history … When CAN was born Cars Roof Steering Wheel rain sensor, light (Automotive) sensor, light control, Cruise control, wiper, turning light sun roof Optional: climate control, radio, telephone Situation inside cars Climate Small motors, control • panel More chaotic communication structure Seat • Seat positon motors, Electric world is not as stable occupancy sensor, and „clean“ as in the control panel automation world Door • Shielding to be avoided Mirror, central (ECU), mirror switch, window Engine lift, seat control switch, door lock Sensors, small motors Automation communication technology not applicable in cars
Looking back into history … When CAN was born 1983 Bosch started the development of a 1987 new serial communication system First CAN controller chip 82526 (FullCAN) introduced by Intel, shortly after 82C200 (BasicCAN) 1986 from Philips Semiconductor „Controller Area Network“ was introduced at SAE congress
Ingenious features made CAN different Bus access & arbitration Error signaling and principle CSMA/CA recovery mechanism => Avoids collisions and => Ensures data consistency prioritizes messages on all active nodes Physical Layer - representation of 1s and 0s on bus line => Makes CAN rather immune to electromagnetic and common mode interferences
CAN and its way into industrial (non-automotive) applications
CAN and its way into industrial applications 1991 Late 80‘s and early 90‘s Mercedes S class Small companies started first car with CAN promoting CAN for industrial applications Late 80‘s and early 90‘s I+ME The „classic“ fieldbus systems were introduced by the large automation companies for industrial automation applications
CAN and its way into industrial applications Example of first non-automotive / industrial applications by STZP
CAN and its way into industrial applications Need for CAN infrastructure components PC/CAN interface board First CAN repeater (ISA-bus) with 82527 & presented by STZP at 82C200 developed by INTERKAMA fair in STZP Dusseldorf in 1992
CAN and its way into industrial applications 1992 1994 1992 Founding of CANopen CIA301 CAN Application Layer CAN in Automation (CAL) Today CiA maintains and still develops most comprehensive set of standards for applications and device profiles
Data modeling with CAN Industrial / non-automotive Automotive / Cars • • Using Manufacturer specific catalog specifying for each data (called signal) • Higher layer protocols • • Transmitting ECU Device profiles • • Receiving ECUs Application profiles • Frequency • Message (ID) • Various higher layer protocols exist • Position in Message • CANopen • DeviceNet • Additional common definitions came • J1939 later, e.g. in AUTOSAR for diagnostic • NMEA2000 purposes • ISOBUS • …
Ethernet – A thread for CAN ?
Ethernet – A threat for CAN ? History of Industrial Ethernet Foundation Profinet Powerlink V2 of IAONA EtherCAT 1999 2001 2003 2004 2006 EtherNet/IP Powerlink V1 SERCOS III
Ethernet – A threat for CAN ? Why Ethernet for industrial data communication ? Cheap Large network Fast data components extension transmission Large data Number of High bandwidth frames nodes unlimited
Ethernet – A threat for CAN ? Why Ethernet for industrial data communication ? Cheap Fast data components transmission Factory Automation Large network extension • Large machines Especially of • Machine interest Interconnection Large data • Motion control frames High bandwidth Number of nodes unlimited
Ethernet – A threat for CAN ? Industrial Ethernet for all applications / markets? Trucks, Building Power and Energy utility vehicles & Automation Oil & Gas farming machines (subsea) “Small” Machines Medical & Measurement Laboratory Systems Automation Automotive & Small Robots recreational vehicles Ships & Boats
Ethernet – A threat for CAN ? Arguments for staying with CAN? Disadvantage: maximum network Conclusion: Robustness extension CAN still has his eligibility, especially when these Monitoring & requirements are important Real „bus“ Trouble shooting • power consumption system • up-time (MTBF) Power Consumption • diagnostic & maintenance capabilities Short data packages • price Price
CAN FD – The booster for CAN and its future
CAN FD – The booster for CAN Obstacles for CAN Improvements by CAN FD • • Max 8 data bytes / message Up to 64 data bytes / message • • Bandwidth limitations - also Increase of transmission speed dependent on network after arbitration phase extension up to 8 Mbit/s • Longer network extension at Workarounds higher transmission speed • More CAN networks • Improved error detection • capabilities Other networks with similar => reduced residual error working principles (e.g. propability FlexRay)
Future of CAN / CAN FD in automotive applications Ethernet in cars More bandwidth required for Special requirements need specific technical solutions • Driving assistance and security • Lightweight cables • Camera systems – surround view (=> BroadR-Reach) • Infotainment • Synchronization & guaranteed latency times (=> AVB, TSN in the future) => Ethernet was introduced in last decade
Future of CAN / CAN FD in automotive applications New communication methods and protocols have been introduced New mechanisms in AUTOSAR … … lead to new requirements • • Intelligent PDU multiplexing More data to be transmitted (IPDU) (larger messages) • • Secure on-board communication Authentication mechanisms for (SECOC) securing safety-critical data • End-to-end protection profile (E2E)
Future of CAN / CAN FD in automotive applications Will Ethernet replace CAN in cars? Definitely NOT (within next 10 yrs) Outlook for CAN FD • • Cost are a major concern CAN FD will be the bridge between “classic” CAN and (cost for Ethernet Interface = 6x cost for CAN interface) Ethernet • • Ethernet is only point-to-point Most cost effective solution (restricts topology, requires • Well-known by everyone at the switches where unused ports are car manufacturers unnecessary cost) • CAN FD in next car generations • Use of powerful CPUs with MII of all German car manufacturers interface for simple ECUs like in (will not replace CAN completely) doors is not acceptable
Future of CAN / CAN FD in non-automotive applications When is CAN the preferred network solution? Benefits of CAN / CAN FD … … makes it the perfect solution for • • Cost structure Smaller machines (applications with limited network extension) • Flexibility • Extension or sub-systems to • Ease of use larger machines • Low power consumption • All mobile applications (especially when battery powered)
Future of CAN / CAN FD in non-automotive applications When is CAN the preferred network solution? CAN FD even provides • Higher bandwidth (four times and more) • Shorter transmission times • Longer network extensions at higher transmission speed • Larger messages => Makes CAN FD suitable for even more applications However: still waiting for suitable CPUs with CAN FD
CAN and the Internet of Things
CAN and the Internet of Things What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? IoT = Ethernet from IT down to the sensor level IoT = Integration of automation networks with IT networks & cloud services Main use-cases • Improving diagnostics, maintenance and management capabilities • Optimizing production and making production more flexible • Communication between cars, cars and infrastructure and cars and humans
CAN and the Internet of Things What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? IoT related data Automation & control data • • Detailed diagnostic data Short data • • Larger data packages Transmitted frequently • • Transmitted less Real-time (defined frequently latency)
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