The Normal Stuff: Creating Toolkits for Internationalization Kim McGrath, Webster University Carrie Wojenski, University at Albany
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On Internationalization: A Review of Literature Questions of the Literature • Where are we in the field? • Who is currently generating research, and on what? • Which organizations are currently driving internationalization at the professional level? • What are some of the Internationalization Models?
On Internationalization: A Review of Literature Who is generating the research and literature: Scholars 1. Hans de Wit a. Philip Altbach b. Robert Coelen c. Jane Knight d. SIO as scholar practitioner 2. John Hudzik a. Darla Deardorff b. and many others hone in on multiple subtopics! c. Professional Organizations 3. NAFSA, ACE, AIEA, AACU a. *A short reference list available as a session handout
On Internationalization: Internationalization Sub Literature (e.g., J. Knight) Topics include: Disciplinary Comprehensive Internationalization Internationalization Internationalization at home • (e.g., K. Cushner) (e.g., J. Hudzik) Internationalizing the curriculum • U.S. Comparative higher education • Education Comprehensive internationalization • Abroad Comparative Higher International Student mobility • Education Student Mobility (e.g., G. Streitwieser) (e.g., H. De Wit) International higher education • Outcomes and assessment • Practitioner materials, Operational how-to • International Higher guides! Education (e.g., P. Altbach) image modified from : https://www.slideshare.net/cieeorg/establishing-a-research-agenda-for-us-education-abroad
Scholarly Quotes “Most of the misconceptions conceive an activity or instrument as Hans de Wit - synonymous with internationalization. The last, also fairly prevailing, misconception regards internationalization as a main goal… 9 misconceptions of Internationalization is a process to introduce intercultural, international and global dimensions in higher education; to improve the internationalization goals, functions and delivery of higher education; and thus to upgrade the quality of education and research. If internationalization is regarded as a specific goal, then it remains ad hoc and marginal.” Jane Knight - “Over the years implicit assumptions have developed about internationalization, myths perhaps, that need to be exposed and 5 myths about discussed.” internationalization
SIO and Organizational Quotes Darla Deardorff John Hudzik ”Successful intercultural interactions “Comprehensive are at the heart of what international internationalization is a education is all about. ” commitment [and action that] shapes institutional ethos and values and touches the entire Association of American Colleges higher education enterprise….It is and Universities (AAC&U) an institutional imperative, not just Fosters the intersectionality of a desirable possibility.” students’ lives and global issues
On Internationalization: Definitions Continued shift in the higher education landscape means the concept has taken on many different meanings over time and is constantly taking on new forms: Internationalization at the national, sector, and institutional levels is defined as the process of integrating an international, intercultural, or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of postsecondary education (Knight, 2003). [Internationalization] that sees it as pervading the institution and affecting a broad spectrum of people, policies and programs, leads to deeper and potentially more challenging change….[and is] a broad, deep and integrative international practice that enables campuses to become fully internationalization (ACE, 2005). [A] commitment, confirmed through action, to infuse international and comparative perspectives throughout the teaching, research, and service missions of higher education (NAFSA, 2011). Globalization is the movement of people, ideas, goods, capital, services, pollution, and diseases across borders. Internationalization is higher education’s response to that reality (Hill, n.d.).
On Internationalization: Models A Process, Not a Product The purpose is not to prescribe a particular model or set of objectives, but to recognize a diversity of approaches to CI allowing each institution to choose its own path and its particular contribution consistent with its missions, clientele, programs, resources, and values* “Comprehensive internationalization is a commitment, confirmed through action, to infuse international and comparative perspectives throughout the teaching, research, and service missions of higher education. It shapes institutional ethos and values and touches the entire higher education enterprise” (p.5). Hudzik, J.K. (2011). Comprehensive internationalization: From concept to action. Washington, DC: NAFSA, The Association of International Educators.
On Internationalization: Models A Process, Not a Product The American Council on Education (ACE) popularized use of the term “comprehensive internationalization,” defining it as “a strategic, coordinated process that seeks to align and integrate policies, programs, and initiatives to position colleges and universities as more globally oriented and internationally connected institutions.” (ACE, 2002; 2005; 2006)
On Internationalization: Models ACE MODEL
On Internationalization: Recent Foci
On Internationalization: Challenges Perceived Value of International Education (and higher education!) Declining Federal, State, and Institutional Funding Global and National Political Climates Operationalizing Facets of Internationalization Beyond Lip Service (implementation with or without a strategic plan or administrative structure)
Application We’re moving onto Comp Intz how to practicalities, plan in place or not.
The Normal Stuff: Taking Stock See Activity Worksheets Part 1: List 5 to 7 interesting international activities you or your institution is doing. Part 2: Insert your 5 to 7 interesting international activities into the ACE Comprehensive Internationalization model Part 3: Swap sheets with your neighbor, review, and discuss the interesting, unique activities happening at the other’s institution.
The Normal Stuff: Considerations a. How do you speak to others about what you do? i. What are your internationalization goals? Are there competing issues? ii. How can collaboration help? b. Questions you should ask yourself: iii. How do you frame internationalization at your own institution? iv. What is your University’s strategic plan? Your office’s plan? v. What is the climate at your institution? vi. When can you announce/roll out your initiatives to align with the institutional goals at that time? (accreditation, national campaigns, etc.)
The Normal Stuff: The Advocacy Pitch
The Normal Stuff: The Advocacy Pitch What is Why does Justify your Internationali- internationali- internationali- zation zation matter zation strategy
The Normal Stuff: The Advocacy Pitch Pitch to your Pitch to your Pitch to staff, or Senior Faculty / Chairs pick another Administration stakeholder group
Preparing Your Toolkit: Homework 1. REVIEW. Where are you in strategic plan (explicit / implicit)? - University/college wide Gen Ed learning goals/outcomes 2. ALIGN. Plug in where you match/support but are not written 3. ASSESS. What are you missing? ADVOCATE ! 4. ASSESS. What are you missing? ADVOCATE!
REVIEW Step 1 Step 2 E T A C O V ALIGN INTERNATIONALIZATION D A / S S E S S A Step 4 Step 3 ASSESS / ADVOCATE
On Internationalization: Closing Message
On Internationalization: Resources A Very Short List of References Altbach, P.G. (2016). Global perspectives on higher education . Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. Altbach, P.G. (2013). The international imperative in higher education. Global Perspectives on Higher Education. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers. Altbach, P.G. (2004). Globalisation and the university: Myths and realities in an unequal world. Tertiary Education & Management 10(1), 3-25. Altbach, P.G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290-305. Brandenburg, U. & de Wit, H. (2015). The End of Internationalization. International Higher Education, 62, 15-17.
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