The Middle Ages (or the Dark Ages) came to an end with the fall of the Roman Empire at about 14 th century. The next 300 years are known as the Renaissance period. The word means “rebirth” and it was a cultural movement called humanism. Humanism was an idea that all people should be educated, learning and discovering new things and it was good to appreciate beauty and richness in art.
The Borgias Was an Italian – Spanish aristocratic family from Valencia. During the 15 th and 16 th century they were very influential in politics and in the Catholic Church having two member become popes. Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI. The family is credited with starting and promoting the Renaissance movement in Italy which later spread to Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg Inventor He was born in 1398 in Germany and we don’t know much about his life. We do know that he moved around a lot. He died in 1468, also in Germany.
Printing Press yr. 1450 He introduced the concept of movable type and the printing press to Europe. While this may not sound like a big deal at first, the printing press is often considered to be the most important invention in modern times. Without books and computers you wouldn’t be able to learn, to pass information or to share. One of the first books published was the “Gutenberg’s Bible. It was the first time a Bible was produced and available to anyone outside of the church.
Galileo Galilei Scientist, Mathematician, Astronomer He was born in Italy, in 1564. His father was a famous music teacher and hence Galileo also was a great musician. Originally, he wanted to become a doctor. At university, he became interested in science. In his later years he wrote a book about the Sun and all the planets revolving around this. The Catholic Church didn’t like this idea and put him in prison and later when he became old and blind they put him under house arrest. He died in 1642.
Galileo’s inventions Telescope – he stole the • idea from a Holland and greatly improved object which made things far away look. He discovered 4 large • moons around Jupiter using the telescope. Controversy about the Sun • in the center of the Universe Experiments with gravity – • Tower of Pisa and two balls. Pendulum design used for • keeping time
Leonardo da Vinci Artist, Inventor, Scientist He was born in 1452 in Italy and died in 1519 in France. He is considered to be one of the most talented and intelligent people of all time.
L ast Supper Mona Lisa Most valued painting in • Mural on the wall of the the world (currently over • dining hall at the 750 million Eur) monastery in Milan, Italy. Property of the French • government
Flying Machine Vitruvian Man a mechanical device, a bit • a paper drawing with notes • which is often called P roportions like a parachute, based on of Man and shows mathematical the flying pattern of birds and geometrical proportions of and their structure. perfect healthy body. a human-powered • ornithopter (a wing-flapping machine intended to fly)
Michelangelo Sculptor, Artist, Architect He was born in Italy in 1475 and died in 1564. He is one of the most famous painter in the world
David Sistine Chapel Ceiling Most famous statue in the For 4 years he pained upside world. Michelangelo worked down the ceiling of the on it in secret and in the end chapel. It is 141 ft long and 43 the had a 13 Fr tall statue of a ft wide and shows over 300 perfect naked man (very scenes from the bible. Most scandalous.) famous is the Creation of Adam shows the face of God who is touching Adam.
Renaissance Architecture St . Peter’s Basilica – is a church The Sistine Chapel - is a small in Vatican City. It is one of the church in the apostolic palace most famous Catholic where the Pope lives. It is Churches as it is built in the covered in frescos painted by place where St Peter (Jesus’s Michelangelo. apostle) died.
The Is the world largest museum and national sight in Paris, France. It Louvre holds more than 38,000 pictures and objects. It was first opened in 1793. Mona Lisa – Leonardo • Da Vinci Slaves – Michalangelo • Victory of Samothrace • from 190 BC and many other statues and objects from ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome
Filippo Brunelleschi Architect Was born in 1377 in Italy and is the most famous architect of the Renaissance period. He is most famous for building a dome of the Saint Florence Cathedral.
Isaac Newton Scientist, Mathematician, Astronomer He is considered to be the smartest scientist in the world, even Albert Einstein said that. He was born in 1643 in England. He focused on explaining natural world by using math. The legend says that he discovered gravity when he fell asleep under an apple tree and the apple fell and bumped his head.
Newton’s scientific discoveries 1. GRAVITY 2. LAWS OF MOTION 3. CALCULUS 4. REFLECTING TELESCOPE
Martin Luther Philosopher Was a German monk born in 1483 who began to question the practices of the Catholic Church. He found many areas where the Bible and the Church disagreed. On October 31, 1517 he posted 95 points (95 Thesis) on the door to a Catholic Church. This list pointed all the mistakes that the Church is doing which are not in the Bible.
REFORMATION The Catholic Church was in charge of all rules and information. People were not educated and the Bible was the only book allowed. The Bible was only written and read by the priests and monks. After the introduction of the printing press and Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis people saw that what is written in the book is different than what the Church teachers. Here are some of his points: 1. LESS MONEY FOR THE CHURCH – NO MORE PAYING FOR INDULGENCES 2. LESS POWER FOR THE MONKS AND PRIESTS – HELPING THE PEOPLE 3. LEGAL DIVORCE – CREATION OF CHURCH OF ENGLAND BY HENRY VIII 4. FREEDOM FROM THE POPE – MORE POWER TO INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 5. ART IN CHURCH AND BEATUTY APPRECIATED All of the points that Martin Luther had made the Catholic Church very angry and they called him a HERETIC. This was very bad as all heretics were burned alive. Martin Luther was not burned because he got sick and died from his sickness.
Sir Thomas Moore Write, Lawyer He was born in England in 1478 and worked / served under King Henry VIII. He was a great supporter of Martin Luther and helped the King get his divorce from princess Catherine (1 st wife.) After Henry VIII cancelled his relationship with the Pope, Thomas More created the new Church of England (not Catholic.)
William Shakespeare Writer He was born in 1564 in England. He is considered to be the best and most famous English writer. He created over 3000 new English words. He was a favorite writer of Queen Elizabeth I, who promoted all his plays and theater development.
Shakespeare's Legacy • Globe Theater – or Shakespeare's Globe was created by Shakespeare and his acting company. It was a three-storey, open air amphitheater which could seat up to 3,000 spectators. • More than 37 plays and the most popular are: 1. Hamlet 2. Othelo 3. Macbeth 4. Romeo and Juliet • New vocabulary – over 2000 new words (gossip, generous, fashionable, blushing, addiction)
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