The legal position of architects in the European Union and the Netherlands Frits Meijer & Henk Visscher CI B W89 BEAR 2006 Conference OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies CI B W89 BEAR 2006
Contents of presentation Part 1: The legal position of architects in the European Union Part 2: The Dutch situation: professional experience for young architects Based on evaluation Dutch Title of Architects Act 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 2 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Part 1 A) EU Architects Directive: why, who and how B) Legal position of architects (in 15 EU Member States) C) State of the Art D) Recent developments E) Conclusions 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 3 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
EU Architects Directive: WHY? Established in 1985 to: • Assure the (architectural) quality of buildings • Protect consumers • Establish an open market for architects 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 4 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
EU Architects Directive: WHO? “All activities in the field of architecture “ Architects Town planners ) ( I nterior architects Landscape architects 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 5 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
EU Architects Directive: HOW? Mutual recognition of knowledge diploma’s/ qualifications understanding skills Selection of educational institutions by Member States I ncorporation of guidelines in national legislation (wide variety) 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 6 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Legal position of architects (in 15 Member States) B Gm Lx P Sp Fr I t A Uk Gr Nl I r Dn Sw Fi Protection of title X X X X X X X X X X X Protection of profession X X X X X X X Practical experience X X X X X X Disciplinary code X X X X X X X X X 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 7 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Main characteristics in 15 EU member states (2003/ 2004) Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Ireland Italy Germany Number (approx.) 2,400 10,500 6,500 3,500 25,000 2,300 94,000 102,000 Per 1 mill. inhabitants 279 1,014 1,207 672 452 667 1,640 1,236 Educational institutions: 6 19 2 3 22 2 18 72 - universities 5 5 - 3 22 2 14 15 - academies 1 14 2 - - - 4 57 Min. years of study 5 5 5 5 6 5 5+ 4.5 Protection of title X X - - X - X X Protection of profession - X - - X - X X Obligatory registration X X - - X - X X Internship required 3 2 - - - 2 - 2/3 Disciplinary code X X - - X - X X Insurance required X X - - X - X X Greece Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden UK Total number (approx.) 14,500 550 8,520 8,600 32,600 5,400 30,400 Per 1 mill. inhabitants 1,315 1,227 526 826 705 603 512 Educational institutions: 2 - 8 18 14 3 39 - universities 2 - 2 14 14 3 18 - academies - - 6 4 - - 21 Min. years of study 5 - 5 5 5 4.5 5 Protection of title X X X X X - X Protection of profession - X - - X - - Obligatory registration X X X X X - X Internship required - 1 - - - - 2 Disciplinary code - X - X X - X X Insurance required - X - - X - X yes - no 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 8 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
State of the art Protection of quality of buildings and consumers? Diversity: - patchwork of national regulations - aimed at various professional groups - (recent expansion EU) Open market for architects? SBA: “a great deal of free exchange” 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 9 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Developments on EU level • Directive on the Recognition of Professional Qualifications • 15 sector directives • Extra demands on permanent education • Directive on the I nternal Market • Free movement of services • Discussion of country of origin principle 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 10 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Conclusions and recommendations Clearer focus on: • Profession (architects) • Educational demands (5 yr university + 2 yr practical experience or 4 yr higher vocational education + 4 yr Academy of Architecture) Additional requirements possible (on continued education, code of conduct and indemnity insurance) 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 11 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
End of part 1 11 April 2006 CIB W89 BEAR 2006 12 OTB Research I nstitute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
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