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June 1, 2017 When the National Archives investigated the true identity of the flag raisers in Bill Genaust's footage of the first and second Flag Raisings on Iwo Jima and the iconic photograph by Joe Rosenthal, staffers discovered that the agency never received the original film shot on February 23, 1945. Supervisory Motion Picture Preservation Specialist Criss Kovac provides information about Bill Genaust and how the film was shot, developed, assembled, and used during the World War II and throughout history. www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records
Criss Kovac Supervisor of the Motion Picture Preservation Lab National Archives at College Park, MD www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records
The Winding Journey of Bill Genaust’s Iwo Jima Flag Raising Footage Criss Kovac ~ National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
Scope of Collection Archives II and Research Room College Park, MD 480,000 film reels 242,000 audio recordings 113,000 video recordings National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO
Marine Corps Holdings in NARA’s Motion Picture Collections • Primary RG 127 collections estimated at 17,000 reels of motion picture film • Predominantly unedited; covers full spectrum of USMC activities foreign and domestic • Inclusive of raw and compiled combat camera footage • ~12,000 reels of color 16mm film (WWII through 1980s) • ~4,500 reels of black and white and color 35mm (predominantly WWII and Korean War eras) • Smaller percentage in edited training and documentary films • Many additional training and documentary films in U.S. Navy Record Groups
Genaust Personnel File a mong NARA’s Military Service Records •Provides details and summaries of Genaust’s military service •Named among “Persons of Exceptional Prominence” files made available digitally in 2014 •Contains Correspondence with family members and supporting details
Letter from Genaust’s Mother requesting his return home, October 14th, 1944
Genaust’s Enlistment photo and dates
The Preservation Lab Six Staff Treats over 3,000 reels of film per year Full Photochemical Ability HD - 2K - 4K Film Scanning Responsible for determining which copies of a film record are permanently retained
Our Mission To identify and preserve the most original record copy To faithfully preserve the imagery in historically accurate manner To provide context to our records and make them accessible
What Is NARA’s “Original?” We do not have the camera original shot by Genaust. NARA’s “originals” were made from the original, or copied from copies of the original. NARA holds it in two different record groups, three series, and within two reels in one record group (4 iterations total)
~?t P ~nxmxm1JHxU:i:xux X«.XYI~ ' C.~.:.:.~- ,_- tKxlI~X«~•xDC~+X«Xx~IK ~2 1 bff'TtA--tzu:..t,... ~7 HOTOGRAPHER: GENAUST DATEFEB 1945 - -di' DUPL. NEG. MASTER 0 L . LENGTH I • 35M?t 16MJttOL I ; 19 IWO JIMA FLA.G RAISING CROSS REFERENCE LOCATION:-Iwo Jima Marines raising American Flag on ARMIES:-USMC Enlisted Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima, on D-Day i- FLAGS:-American (1945) 4. (This is the original shooting.) (Above scene was taken out of reel of f'i lm with which it was originally included-16mm Index #2438-and is .«1:1XJJ[X:fl%.Dl«:l•X filed separately. xpg:r:xm 1 16mm orig. color master f led in Vaults 2 16mm color master dupes r led with prints in Archives 2 16mm color dupe prints f'i ed w/prints in Archives GOOD QUALITY: HQ NO. IWO JI:MA. FLAG MJVG 3224 1 of' 1 INDEX NO. MCS Photo 600 (12/68-10700) 12060 Navy-MCS Quantico, Va.
~ ~ I INDEX # l REEL # 1-1 OF FOOT AGE £? ~ MASTER ORIG DUPE FGM PRINT D D 1-NEG D B&W COLOR NEG 1-POS DUPE JUN ' 1 980 6 B Q80 2 - 16 MM 35 MM
1~ ~ . ~SE V l . -ts o . bo ~ - ~2rine . ~ r c h et r rines LS LSD ~ i\il Do- - LS L» I~ . t - VESE : ~;~IN R E T T S ~L LS M~ Ru S. S ~ '1. A I ~!S ~ !~ S 35 ~ ~ POSmvE I ouri:.. NEG . j LENGTH J NEGATIVE MASTER I6MM ~ ... r1 C ol . 1'5 ft. -2-- CROSS REFEREN CE SUB JECT : I W O J OPE RA TI O NS L OC A TION- Iwo Ji rna MCU M a rine l o okin g t hr ou gh ar t i ll er y bin ocul rs . fvIE DI CIN E- \\l ou nded , M CU c u. e. J apane s e MS lift w ou n ded J ap soldi er on h er T ANK S- M4A3 on to t r uck . T fa.NKS!'.'. For e ign , J ap c • J ap s oldier on st cu M 4A3 t a nk firin g o ut ri g ht f ram e . VES SE LS- LSD LS °E X D losi o ns where she lls are h it t in g . LS 1 ' "' arin -e t aki ng of f combat boots . U EF. PO NS- S he lls , " p uttin g on J au hog- n ail boo ta. E xplosions c.p ... !3. D t an k . S urrib a ch i Lar ge number of sh e ll s on gr ound ne ar MS DEAD- USMC t Bn k . D EA D- For ei gner s , LS Mari ne s looki ng a t he a vy J ap gun emula e e . J a oa ne s s me nt . . i '. N o nt: • : T ~' J -:,ff' l k ft n
rine c~mbat ~p ch mar~n~s ined C:t t NPC C CROSS REFERENCE • SUBJECT FLAG RAISING ON nro JIMA: A PR1 NI' LS 0 G.L., islo Iwn Jim..a COMM. telephone MCU Telephone talker on Iwo Jima. WOUNDEJJ, · :J CU Japanese personnel on stretcher being loaded abd VEHICLES, ambulance truck ambulanceo .S.J%i;%, beach, Iwo Jim a Re d Beach, Iwo Jimao IS CLOTHING, shoes MCU Personnal swapping GI shoes for Japanese shoes on GUNS, Jap beacho LAND. SHIPS, IST MCU Japan e se howitzer cann0n gun emplacement on same. FLAGS, U.S. • ashore LS Fr om hill: lSTVs on beach. MTNS, Suri be.chi MS Flag raising on Mt. Suribachio CEREMONIES, flag MLS Grm.l!Th~f, at flag raisingo . raising IS From(· 'Various amphibious assault & supp:->rt ships ENL9 D Men, USMC, mil in harbo r. TASK FO H CES, anc hor ed M CU DUKW loaded with dead personnelo LAND VEHICLE.5, DUKW strewn with American & Japanese deado MIS De~ DEAD, USMC MCU Combat marines with dog mascot. DEAD, Jap MLSWb'unded marine being assistedo A. I.- ., d og MIS ~Ia tank driver being assistec ck to first - WON DED, USMC a id station by inf antr;f-):len. M.S. first ... aJ .d sta. MCU 50 0al machine gun emplacement. GUNS Oc 1 QUALITY 429
What Do We Know? Warrant Officer/ Division Photo Officer Norm Hatch ordered Staff Sgt. Genaust & Pfc. Bob Campbell to film the second flag raising.
What Do We Know? Photo Officer Herb Schlosberg, of the 4th Marine Division, takes Genaust film from Iwo Jima on February 27th to be developed at the Naval Photographic Lab in Anacostia, MD.
LtOol. George A. ROLL. RANDUU TO: Subj ctz Itblol"J' of Photogrophic Oi'fic r' trip tr TnI'g t to Y..o ·, Hawaii, then to 'V"T shin8ton, D. c. D ortment, Upon the compl. t1on ot the op r t1on t ction of the D-2, t orarr orders will b r qu t d fro to ODlOPAO (ko ak, Hn: 11), tor th Photogl' hio O!'tioer. 2. Oi'fioer will then So to the To.rgot Ar to ee i1' the arq !'11tl for h1D to carry. o era th 01'1'1c r to t 4. If CIITCPAC th llineton, D. c., there he ':v:f Dopartnent, ll r ort to Captain STEICRilll, us1m, 1n tho Office of s cretlll7 of th 1 avy. II thon will be sent to Photo o1onco Lab 1n Anna.coat1 to ork w1 th LtC • cu;Ali and Lt HOPKINS 1n ttins out tho Public Rele on th op r t1on as oon pos 1blo. On the roturn trip to va, tho 01'!'1cor will 5. e of all. bring ck v1 1'1 maJ1¥ co 1os tram Public Of tills l tions.
What Do We Know? Film reviewed for use in troop and public newsreels, and 7th War Loan Drive. Used in To the Shores of Iwo Jima Original Kodachrome does not make it to NARA
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