The Inaugural USEA Advanced Energy Technology Forum July 17, 2019 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Inaugural USEA Advanced Energy Technology Forum July 17, 2019 Washington, D.C. A University Perspective Sudhakar Neti Lehigh University

Institute for Cyber Physical Infrastructure & Energy q Cyber Physical Infrastructure and Energy (CPIE) -- Meet societal needs q Water, Food, Shelter, Medicine, Energy, Internet of Things (I o T). q Key Societal Needs and Challenges q Importance of Inter-disciplinary Research Cyber Security appears all over q q Smart Grids and Cyber Systems for Power Global Warming and Renewable Energy q Better Fossil Energy Systems -> Soft landing to Renewable Energy q q Why Lehigh – Recognized Strengths in – q Large Structural Systems, Resilient Infrastructure Systems q Smart Grids, Mobile Sensing, Cybersecurity and Computation q Energy Water Nexus, Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy Systems q Energy Efficient Materials and Devices q Environmental Science, Technology, and Policy.

Energy Research Center q Energy Technology Drivers q Coal used to be king q Cost of Natural Gas is decreasing Coal use q Next to Cost, Global warming is a major driver q Inherent new problems with new Paradigms (IT / IoT, cyber hacking, etc.), q Growth of Renewable Energy as costs come down -- Serious Technical issues to be resolved ~ STORAGE!!! q Energy Research q Crosscutting Technologies - sensors, control, computing, materials q Critical Materials – Rare Earth Elements, Hg q Renewable Energy – Wind, Solar, Geothermal q Food – Water -- Energy Nexus q Better Fossil Power Generation for Soft Landing into RE q CO2 Capture and Sequestration – Solar Energy use q Water Conservation – Siting issues, Recovery, Dry Cooling Towers q Thermal Energy Storage – Sensible – Cementitious , Latent – CaCl 2 q Thermal Energy Storage – Fossil plants, Long-Term

CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM RESEARCH Modification of: Modification of: q Boiler OP , Boiler OP Plus Boiler Control Settings Air Preheater Operation Modification of: Ammonia Injection Grid are neural network-based SCR Operation boiler optimization software. Utilized at more Improvements in: NH 3 Usage than 30 units in the North Improvements in: Catalyst Utilization Improvements in: Boiler Efficiency Air Preheater Net Unit Heat Rate Maintenance America, Europe and China. Air Preheater Availability Optimization of Overall Cost q SCR OP is a software for Function combined boiler- SCR NOx- air preheater optimization. q IntelliCLEAN is a fuzzy logic-based, intelligent sootblowing optimization software. q The Early Warning Slagging Advisor ( EWSA ) is a software that incorporates condition monitoring techniques for slagging/fouling mitigation.

ADVANCED COAL INSTRUMENTATION - LIBS q Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). No radioactive or X-Ray source required. q ERCoal TM 3000 and 1000 developed for on-line and tabletop coal monitoring q Smaller footprint and cost than competing technologies. q Application in mining, coal plant fuel blending and fuel tracking, and for combustion control, emissions compliance. q On-line installations at Montour (1.5 GW, Washingtonville, PA) and Bruce Mansfield (2 GW, Shippingport, PA) Plants. Applications in China. q Also, for biomass, gasification fuels.

RESEARCH ON RECOVERY OF REEs FROM COAL AND COAL BY-PRODUCTS q Rare Earth Elements play a critical role in modern high-tech industries. q 17 elements of the periodic table provide significant value q Projection of REE market growth is 13% annually to US$8.1 bn q Working on a sustainable hydrometallurgical concept for REE extraction. Concept uses chelate enhanced sCO 2 . q Two projects that involve PITA and Ben Franklin Technology Partners, and Applied Separations, Consol Energy and Blaschak Coal Corp.

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR POWER APPLICATIONS Thermochemical Sensible Heat Latent Heat • Concepts based on • Current Commercial • Concepts based on reversible reactions. systems based on KNO3- engineered inorganic salts. NaNO3 systems. Limited • Targets: 900°C operation • PCM from 32°C - CaCl 2 500 o C. using Cobalt Oxides and CaCO 3 /CaO cycle. • KCl - 700°C and NaCl - • Two-tank systems, 805°C Hundreds of MWh • HVAC sys & Power plants

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Sensible Heat • Concept based on enhanced cementitious materials, with embedded thermosiphons. Targets: 400-500°C operation, 90% round- trip efficiency and cost <$25/kWh th . • Concept applicable to solar- and fossil-based power plants. • Research includes concrete engineering, thermosiphon design, system design, lab. scale testing and 100 kWh th pilot-scale testing at at a Dominion Energy power plant.

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Latent Heat • Research on phase change materials (PCM) covering a broad range of operating temperatures. • Project with ARPA-E on supplemental cooling using hydrated salts at 35°C. • Project with EERE on NaNO 3 -KNO 3 , LiNO 3 -NaNO 3 , and LiNO 3 -KNO 3 encapsulated PCMs at 500°C. • Project with PITA on MgCl 2 -NaCl PCM conductivity enhancement using graphite foams at 500°C.

AIR COOLED CONDERSERS WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE q Research on a novel dry cooling technology for application in power plants (part of ARPA-e’s Advanced Research in Dry Cooling (ARID) Program). q Project participants include ACT, Inc., Univ. of Missouri, Evapco, Inc. and Lehigh University. q ARPA-e’s target for cost of supplemental cooling is <$150/kW. q Cool storage system involves heat pipes, phase change materials (PCMs) and self- agitated fins. q Salt hydrate PCMs are inexpensive and their melting point can be tuned to optimize the system efficiency for different seasons and time of the day (30 deg. C, 170 J/g). q Design and testing of prototype systems.

SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH q Research on concentrated solar energy collectors (thermal, electric, hybrid). q Integration of solar energy with other power generation including C-PV. q Research on thermal energy storage in the 30-900 ºC temperature range.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH q Utilization of CO 2 for heat mining and sequestration in geothermal reservoirs. q Exploring sCO 2 coupling with Rankine steam cycles, carbon capture systems, ORC cycles and gas turbine plants. q Experimental site: active well (120ºC, 2x300 kW e , 1x400 kW e ORC cycle units, solar energy collector field. q Thermo-economic study on integration of geothermal energy into a cascade multi-product plant. q Integration of concentrated solar energy with derated geothermal wells and power plants.

OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON CAPTURE WITH SOLAR POWER q Amine-based carbon capture systems result in large efficiency, power and water penalties on the host unit. q Project funded by the World Bank and Conacyt. q Project to investigate the use of solar thermal energy to provide heat to a ( Monoethanolamine, C2H7NO ) MEA pilot plant (1% of flue gas scrubbed). q Pilot plant requirements: 1.2 MW(th), 24/7 operation, 265 deg. C, solar irradiance <600 W/m 2 .

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