The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project A. Bueno University of Granada XXIst International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics NEUTRINO 2004
The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration Research project jointly approved by INFN and Research project jointly approved by INFN and CERN CERN CERN/SPSC 2002- -027 (SPSC 027 (SPSC- -P P- -323) LNGS 323) LNGS- -EXP 13/89 EXP 13/89 CERN/SPSC 2002 – CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN – experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003) experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003) L’Aquila, LNGS, ETHZ Katowice Krakow Milano, Napoli, Warsaw, Wroclaw Padova, Pavia, Pisa, LNF UCLA INR CIEMAT IHEP Granada ICARUS COLLABORATION 25 INSTITUTIONS, 150 PHYSICISTS A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized industries industries – Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9% Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9% – – Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 € € – Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target and detector and detector Interesting physical properties for a tracking device: Interesting physical properties for a tracking device: – Boiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammable Boiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammable – – Density = 1.4 g/cm Density = 1.4 g/cm 3 3 – – Radiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cm Radiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cm – – Electron mobility = 500 cm Electron mobility = 500 cm 2 2 /Vs /Vs – – dE/dx dE/dx = 2.1 MeV/cm = 2.1 MeV/cm – Propagation of charged particles induce… … Propagation of charged particles induce – Ionization – Ionization Minimum ionizing track: 88000 electron-ion pairs per cm After recombination @ 500 V/cm: 55000 pairs/cm – Scintillation Scintillation – λ =128 nm UV Spectrum λ =128 nm UV Spectrum β > 1/n) light (given that β – Č Č erenkov erenkov light (given that > 1/n) – A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Electronic Bubble Electronic Bubble Chamber Bubble Chamber Chamber Electronic Electronic Bubble Chamber µ Real Events µ LAr acts as target and detector Real Events Events Real cathode Argon (87K) µ→ µ → e e e − − e e − − e − e − e − e − e E E e − − e EM Shower Shower EM e − − E E e e − − e − e − e T600 Anode: 3 wire planes (at ±60 o and 0 o ) Energy detector measured in each point: bubble size ≈ 3- -dimensional images dimensional images 3 Hadronic Interaction Interaction 3 x 3 x 0.2 mm 3 Hadronic After many years of R&D at lab scale… After many years of R&D at lab scale … The road for construction of very massive very massive The road for construction of LAr TPC detectors is now open! TPC detectors is now open! LAr A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data More than 27000 triggers collected during More than 27000 triggers collected during technical run on surface (summer 2001) technical run on surface (summer 2001) – Detector performed according to expectations – Detector performed according to expectations – – Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, … Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, … Publications so far… … Publications so far Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector, accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03 accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03. . detector, Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS T600 liquid Argon TPC, Eur Eur. Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233 . Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233- - T600 liquid Argon TPC, 241. 241. Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the ICARUS TPC, ICARUS TPC, Nucl Nucl. Inst. . Inst. Meth Meth. A523 (2004) 275 . A523 (2004) 275- -283 283. . Analysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC , , Analysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68 Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68- -79 79. . Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 first half first half- -module, module, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287 Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287- -294 294. . A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity Long drift distances demand ultra Long drift distances demand ultra V drift = 1.56 mm / µ s @ 0.5 kV/cm pure Argon pure Argon 2500 Lifetime ( µ s) ICARUS T600 from long tracks – Impurities: 0.1 ppb Oxygen- 2250 LAr re-circulation OFF from purity monitors equivalent 2000 Two independent and 1750 complementary methods to drift ≈ 2.3 m 1500 measure the LAr purity: 1250 – Purity Monitors : on-line 1000 information on a fixed position of the chamber ( punctual 750 measurement). 500 – Muon tracks : off-line analysis 250 measuring the collected charge 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 attenuation from crossing muon Elapsed Time (Days) tracks ( average measurement). Liquid Argon TPC Liquid Argon TPC For future modules, the present is a mature is a mature technology would allow to expand drift distances up to 3m detection technique detection technique A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum Study of stopping muon Study of stopping muon sample sample – 3000 events analyzed and 3000 events analyzed and – fully reconstructed in 3D fully reconstructed in 3D ρ parameter ρ parameter measurement measurement ρ = ± stat ± 0 . 72 0 . 06 ( ) 0 . 08 ( sys ) ρ = 0.75 Standard Model ρ = 0.75 Standard Model Energy resolution for Energy resolution for electrons below ~50 MeV electrons below ~50 MeV σ ( E ) 11 % = ⊕ 2 % E E A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Essential to measure kinematics Essential to measure kinematics 3 GeV properties of non- -contained events contained events properties of non muon – Interest focused on atmospheric events Interest focused on atmospheric events – Full simulation of muon events for a broad Full simulation of muon events for a broad momentum range momentum range – Include all detector effects Include all detector effects – Split track into segments. Measured Split track into segments. Measured angles have two contributions: angles have two contributions: ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 MUON MOMENTUM RESOLUTION MUON MOMENTUM RESOLUTION ϑ = ϑ + ϑ ϑ ∝ ϑ ∝ − RMS RMS RMS RMS RMS 3 / 2 ; L / p ; L meas 0 noise 0 seg noise seg ∆ p / p ( % ) 40 40 35 35 Momentum extracted from fit over a Momentum extracted from fit over a sample of different segment lengths sample of different segment lengths 30 30 ≈ 20 25 25 Resolutions ≈ 20- -25% 25% Resolutions 20 20 Future analysis… … Future analysis Preliminary 15 15 – Resolution improvement with alternative Resolution improvement with alternative – 10 10 methods (e.g. Kalman methods (e.g. Kalman Filter)? Filter)? 5 5 – Validate conclusions with real data: large – Validate conclusions with real data: large sample of stopping muons sample of stopping muons 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 M C M o m e n t u m ( G e V ) M C M o m e n t u m ( G e V ) M C M o m e n t u m ( G e V ) M C M o m e n t u m ( G e V ) A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
Particle Particle Identification Particle Particle Identification Identification Identification wire wire Induction I D e+ e+ e+ drift time drift time K+ B C µ+ K+ K+ µ + A µ+ Collection + [ AB ] → µ + [ BC ] → e + [ CD ] K 320 x (cm) Run 939 Event 46 + K 315 3D AB reconstruction 310 allows to 305 compute dE/dx + K+ and range µ 300 µ+ e+ 295 BC 1180 1178 290 1176 210 1174 215 y(cm) 1172 220 z ( c m ) 1170 A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004
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