Technical Terms 1. Frame - It is a combination of several wooden members to support the door 2. Style - Style is an external vertical member of the shutter. 3. Top rail - It is the topmost horizontal member of the shutter 4. Lock rail - It is the central horizontal member of the shutter where locking attachments are fixed. 5. Bottom rail - It is the lowest horizontal member of the shutter. 6. Shutter - The complete assembly of the styles panels and rails is known as a shutter. 7. Panel - It is the enclosed area between the rails.
• 8. Sash - It is a frame made of light sections and is used iron fixing the glass in the panels. • 9. Mullion - It is a vertical member running through a shutter or frame. • 10. Louver - Louver is a timber piece which is attached in inclined position within a frame. • 11.Horn - It is a horizontal projection of head or sill beyond the face of the door or window frame. Generally horn is 15 cm long. • 12.Hold-fasts - These are provided on vertical sides of the vertical door frames to keep the frame in required position. They are made of mild steel flat bars about 3 cm wide, 6 cm thick and 20 to 25 cm long.
• 13. Sill - It is the bottom most horizontal member forming the frame. 14. Jamb - It is the vertical face of a door or windows opening which supports the frame. • 15. Transom - It is a horizontal member which divides the door or window frame into several panels. • 16. Rebate - It is a depression cut in the frame to accommodate door.
Types of doors • Ledged door • Ledged and braced door • Ledged and framed door • Ledged, Braced and Framed door • Frame and paneled door • Glazed or sash door • Louvered door • Flush door • Revolving door • Collapsible door • Sliding door • Rolling steel door • Automated door
• Ledged Door Made up of timber boards known as battens • Battens are placed vertically and fixed by horizontal ledges • Two or Three ledges are provided in a door 10-20 cm wide and 30mm thick 15 cm wide and 25mm thick
• Ledged and Braced Door Diagonal timber members are used – Braces • These types of doors are more rigid • Can be used as wide openings
Ledged and Framed Door • Framework for the shutter is provided • Strong and has a good appearance
Ledged Braced and Framed Door • Similar to ledged and framed door • Braces are provided in between the two ledges • This type of door is more strong and durable
Frame and paneled Door • The number of panels depends upon The size of the door Appearance • Minimum width of Style – 10 cm Lock rail/ Bottom rail – 15 cm
Glazed and Sash Door • Used when more light is required besides that coming from the windows • Generally glazed portion to paneled portion is 1:1 or 2:1
Louvered Door • Allows sufficient amount of ventilation • Maintains privacy as well • Louvers are arranged such that upper back edge of any louver is above or lower front edge of the next higher louver
Flush Door • Very strong and it is sound proof to a great extent • Has a smooth and clean surface • Both the faces of the framework are covered by 0.6 cm plywood
Revolving Door • Used to regulate the entry of persons in big hotels, banks, theaters, hospitals
Collapsible Door • Made of thin mild steel sections • Used in shops, go downs, schools, workshops, public buildings
Sliding Door • The shutter slides with the aid of runners and guide • Commonly used in shops, show rooms, go downs etc
Rolling steel Door • Commonly used for show windows, shops, store, offices etc. • The door shutter moves up and down in steel guides • The weight of the door is counter balanced by helical spring provided in the drum • A steel cover is provided to protect the drum from weathering actions
Automated Doors • Use sensors to identify people from some distance and doors are automated to open accordingly
Types of Windows • Casement window • Sash or glazed window • Double-hung window • Louvered window • Pivoted window • Sliding window • Circular window • French window • Corner window • Bay window • Dormer window • Sky light • Metal window
Casement window • Hinged at the side and swing outward at the turn of a crank This type is recommended for maximum ventilation
• Sash or glazed window In this type of windows panels are fully glazed The frame consist of stiles, top rail and a bottom rail. The space between top and bottom rail is divided into number of panels with small timber members called, sash bars or glazing bars. Glass panels are fixed to sash bars by timber beads
Double-hung window • Double-hung windows are the most common type. They consist of two sashes that are guided by a metal or wooden track. These are easy to clean
Louvered window • Louvered windows are used to provide more ventilation. The windows provide light and ventilation even if closed. Privacy is also well maintained Such windows are recommended for bath, WC, workshops etc., where privacy is more important. The louvers are usually fixed at 45 ᶲ inclination sloping downward to the outside to run-off the rain water.
Pivoted window • In this type of windows shutters swing round pivots. It may be horizontally pivoted or vertically pivoted. Easier to clean. Allow more light to come inside the room
Sliding window • The shutters are sided on roller bearings , either vertically or horizontally. • Cavities are provided in walls to accommodate the window shutters when it is opened • Used in railway trains and buses
Circular window • It is a pivoted window of circular shape. • It is commonly used in workshops and factories
Corner window • It is constructed in the corner of a building and admits lights and air from two directions
Bay window • It is a window in the building which is projected beyond the walls of the room. • It is provided to improve the architectural appearance of the building. • Additional space is obtained to allow light and air in room
Dormer window • Such types of windows are provided on the inclined roofs of the buildings. • They provide air and light to the room constructed within the space of the roof slopes
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