The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities LEVI GUILLERMO LIMA GEGANZO University of the Philippines Visayas Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines 5023 51 st Annual Philippine Economic Society Meeting. Intercontinental Manila.
Recycle Reduce Solid W Waste Management Schemes Reuse Refuse Recover WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Develop oped ed S SWM S Strategi egies es Us Using g 5Rs • bag fees / eco-bag • plastic ban • penalties for littering and other fines • incentive programs • solid waste collection fee WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Solid W Waste Management Criteri ria 1. Waste Segregation at Source 2. Material Recovery Facility 3. Type of MSW Disposal (Controlled or Open) 4. Safe Closure Plan 5. Sanitary Landfill 6. Presence of Municipal SWM Plans WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Typ ypes o of Municipal S SWM P Plans 1.) Anti-Littering Ordinances / Anti-Dumping Ordinances 2.) Adoption of RA 9003 (ESWMA) 3.) Municipal Environmental Codes 4.) Solid Waste Management Ordinances 5.) Clean and Green Programs 6.) Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Statu tus of S SWM i in Iloilo P Province ce Waste Segregation at Source 18.6 Yes No 81.4 WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Status of SWM in Iloilo Province Presence of Material Recovery Facilities 13.95348837 Yes No 86.04651163 WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Status of SWM in Iloilo Province Type of Garbage Disposal 48.8372093 51.1627907 Controlled Open WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Status of SWM in Iloilo Province Safe Closure Plan 30.23255814 Yes 69.76744186 No WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Status of SWM in Iloilo Province Presence of Sanitary Landfill 37.20930233 Controlled 62.79069767 Open WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Ra Rationale le of of the e St Study • The Municipality of Miag-ao is dubbed to be one of the best effective implementers of integrated solid waste management in the nation after being a hall-of-famer of the Office of the President as the Cleanest and Greenest Municipality in the Region VI - Western Visayas for three consecutive years and winning the national award for several times. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities Photo Courtesy of 365greatpinoystuff.wordpress.com and digitalphotographer.com.ph
Ra Rationale le of of the e St Study • However, despite its cleanliness, Miag-ao’s increasing economic activities and expansion leads to problems in solid waste management of the town proper. Increased amount of garbage in creeks and waterways, coastal areas and public properties can be observed. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Ra Rationale le of of the e St Study increasing volume of solid waste ≠ municipal solid waste management services WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
SOLID WASTE CONSUMPTION MANAGEMENT PROCESSES MATERIAL RECOVERY & GENERATION COLLECTION PROPER TRANSPORTATION WASTE DISPOSAL Brgy. Tugara-ao, Households Office of General Municipal Miag-ao, Iloilo Services Dump Trucks WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Municipal Proposed Budget for PHP 600,000.00 Solid Waste Management Programs (2011) Actual Collected Revenue for PHP 441,920.00 Solid Waste Management Programs (2010) Shortage in Budget for PHP 158,080.00 Municipal Solid Waste Management Programs WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Ra Rationale le of of the e St Study This study was dedicated for the purpose of improving the municipal solid waste collection in the Town Proper of Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines. This study will focus on what factors affect the willingness-to-pay of households for an improved municipal solid waste collection service. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Si Signif ific icance e of of the e St Study • For legislative purposes • For early sustainable development plans of urbanizing municipalities WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Obje jective o of t the Study to identify the factors affecting the willingness-to-pay of the households in the town proper of the Municipality of Miag-ao, Iloilo for an improved municipal solid waste collection service WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Li Limitati tions o of th the Stu tudy • Due to time constraints and other considerations, the research only covered the households in the Town Proper of Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines as the area of the study. • A total number of 240 households from the eight (8) barangays in the Miag-ao Town Proper were used as study participants. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Theor eoretical F Framewor ork • Municipal solid waste collection service is one of the services provided by the local government, which aims to eradicate garbage littered all around the community. • Solid waste collection helps in the conservation and protection of the environment since the service is designed to collect solid wastes that are one of the major reasons contributing to the destruction of the environment. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Theor eoretical F Framewor ork • However, benefits that people can get from an efficient and effective solid waste management such as environmental quality cannot be reflected in normal market prices because it has the characteristics of a non-market priced good. • In order to monetize the cost of the non-market priced good, non- market valuation methods are being used. WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Theor eoretical F Framewor ork Contingent Valuation Method and Willingess-to-Pay WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Derivati tion of W Willingness-To To-Pa Pay Where: WTP = average willingness-to-pay of households v = the interval between prices N = number of values of price k = lowest possible value WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Estima mation o of MW MWTP Coefficient Estimation Mean maximum WTP = 1/β1 [ ln (1+ e α0 + β2 Q + Σ β i Si )] Where, β0 and β1 are absolute coefficient estimates from the logistic regression WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Estima mation o of MW MWTP Turnbull WTP Estimation M * ELB (WTP) = Σ t j (F * j +1 - F * j ) j = 0 Where, F * j = N * j / T * j is the ratio of those who are not willing-to-pay on an offered bid price, where N * j = number of not willing-to-pay responses T * j = number of samples offered a specific bid t j = bid price, and f * j = Turnbull estimate of N * j / T * j . WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Empirical M Model WTP = F(x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,…,x 9 ) Where, X 1 = sex X 2 = age X 3 = highest educational attainment X 4 = civil status X 5 = household size X 6 = household’s total monthly income X 7 = average daily volume of waste generated X 8 = level of knowledge of household in proper solid waste management X 9 = bid price WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Regressi sion Binar ary L Logisti tic c Model where, Y is the response of household on their willingness-to-pay Z is the sum of the products of the coefficients and the dependent variables (plus the error term) WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
Population and Number of Households by Barangays in Miag-ao Town Proper Barangay Household Population Number of Households Baybay Norte 2,434 288 Baybay Sur 1,108 240 Bolho 519 87 Mat-y 2,190 112 Sapa 575 362 Tacas 1,033 183 Ubos Ilawod 955 181 Ubos Ilaya 909 179 TOTAL 9,723 1,632 WHO SHOULD SHOULDER THE COST ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? The Case of Urbanizing Municipalities
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