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The Cardiac Pacemaker Case Study and its implementation in Safety-Critical Java and Ravenscar Ada Neeraj Kumar Singh, Andy Wellings, Ana Cavalcanti University of York, United Kingdom JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti

  1. The Cardiac Pacemaker Case Study and its implementation in Safety-Critical Java and Ravenscar Ada Neeraj Kumar Singh, Andy Wellings, Ana Cavalcanti University of York, United Kingdom JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 1 / 23

  2. Outline Context and Motivation 1 Heart System 2 The Cardiac Pacemaker 3 DDDR Pacing Mode 4 The Cardiac Pacemaker Architecture in SCJ 5 Conclusion 6 Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 2 / 23

  3. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  4. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Motivation To contribute in the area of Grand Challenges. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  5. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Motivation To contribute in the area of Grand Challenges. Implementation of cardiac pacemaker in SCJ. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  6. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Motivation To contribute in the area of Grand Challenges. Implementation of cardiac pacemaker in SCJ. A comparative study of SCJ and Ravenscar Ada. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  7. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Motivation To contribute in the area of Grand Challenges. Implementation of cardiac pacemaker in SCJ. A comparative study of SCJ and Ravenscar Ada. To meet the certification standards. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  8. Context and Motivation Context Evaluation of a concurrency model of a cardiac pacemaker using two programming languages: Safety Critical Java (SCJ) and Ravenscar Ada. Motivation To contribute in the area of Grand Challenges. Implementation of cardiac pacemaker in SCJ. A comparative study of SCJ and Ravenscar Ada. To meet the certification standards. hiJaC Project Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 3 / 23

  9. Heart System Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 4 / 23

  10. Electrical Signal of the Heart Atrioventricular Sinoatrial (AV) (SA) Node Node Bundle of His Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Bundle Branch Right Ventricle Right Bundle Left Ventricle Branch Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 5 / 23

  11. Timing Cycles R R T T P P S S time Q Q VRP ARP AVI PVARP TARP VAI LRI Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 6 / 23

  12. Timing Intervals in a Single Heart Beat Time Intervals Time in milliseconds Length of a P wave ( T P ) 110 Duration of pulse ( T pulse ) 1 Length of a QRS complex ( T QRS ) 100 Atrioventricular interval (AVI) 150 Ventriculoatrial interval (VAI) 850 Postventricular atrial refractory (PVARP) 350 Mode Switching Interval (MSI) 500 Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 7 / 23

  13. The Cardiac Pacemaker Pacemaker A pacemaker is an electronic device implanted in the body to regulate the abnormal heart rhythm (bradycardia). Types:1,2 and 3-Electrodes. Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 8 / 23

  14. The Cardiac Pacemaker Pacemaker A pacemaker is an electronic device implanted in the body to regulate the abnormal heart rhythm (bradycardia). Types:1,2 and 3-Electrodes. Basic elements of Pacemaker Leads Pacemaker generator Device Control Monitor (DCM) Accelerometer Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 8 / 23

  15. Operating Modes : NASPE/BPEG Generic Code Operating Modes : NASPE/BPEG Generic Code Category Chambers Chambers Response to Rate Modulation Paced Sensed Sensing Letters O -None O -None O -None R -Rate Modulation A -Atrium A -Atrium T -Triggered V -Ventricle V -Ventricle I -Inhibited D -Dual(A+V) D -Dual(A+V) D -Dual(T+I) i.e. AOO, VOO, AAI, AAT, VVI, DVIR, AOOR, DDDR etc. Periodic stimuli : (AOO, VOO and DOO) Aperiodic stimuli : (AAI, VVI, DDD, DDI, etc.) Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 9 / 23

  16. Basic Architecture of a Cardiac Pacemaker MICROCHIP PIC Processor Atrial Pacing Atrial Rate Modulation Ventrical Ventrical Pacing Pulse Generator Heartbeat Sensor Sensor Heartbeat Sensor Pulse Generator Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 10 / 23

  17. The DDDR Pacing Scenarios (A) Atrial Ventricle Pace Pace time AVI VAI LRI PVARP Ventricle Sense Atrial (B) Pace time Atrial Ventricle (C) Sense Pace time R Ventricle Atrial Sense Sense T (D) P S time Q Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 11 / 23

  18. Rate Modulation and Mode Switching Rate Modulation Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 12 / 23

  19. Rate Modulation and Mode Switching Rate Modulation Mode Switching (DDDR ↔ DDIR) Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 12 / 23

  20. The Required DDDR Pacing Cycle Update VAI yes no Change Rate no yes no yes Set VAI Set AVI no yes Wait Atrium VAI Pace Ventricle AVI Pace Countdown Countdown PVARP Sensed Expired Atrium Sensed Expired Ventricle Timer Timer yes No Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 13 / 23

  21. Safety Critical Java Select Mission Mission Mission Start Halt Mission Initialization Execution Cleanup Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 14 / 23

  22. The Cardiac Pacemaker Architecture in SCJ MICROCHIP PIC Processor Atrial Pacing Atrial Rate Modulation Ventrical Ventrical Pacing Pulse Generator Heartbeat Sensor Sensor Heartbeat Sensor Pulse Generator Aperiodic Aperiodic Periodic Periodic Periodic Handler Handler Handler Handler Handler Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 15 / 23

  23. Algorithm for the Atrium Sensor Periodic Handler Time elapsed Intrinsic Time elapse since Release atrium pacer atriumActivity since Read no Yes Yes Atrium activity No lastVentricularActivity Yes Set Occurred lastVentricularActivity >= sensor sensed >= VAI attriumActivityOccurred PVARP Yes Set lastAtriumActivity time Yes Set attriumActivityOccurred Clear ventricularActivityOccurred No No Wait for next release event Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 16 / 23

  24. Algorithm for the Atrium Pacer Aperiodic Handler Set lastAtriumActivityTime Time elapse Pace current on since atrium activity >= Yes Sleep 1 ms VAI Pace current off Clear ventricularActivityOccurred No Wait next release Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 17 / 23

  25. Algorithm for the Ventricle Sensor Periodic handler Intrinsic ventricular Read ventricular Set lastVentricularActivity No Yes ActivityOccurred sensor activity Clear atriumActivityOccurred sensed No Time elapsed since Release ventricular Yes Set ventricularActivittyOccurred Yes lastAtriumActivity > AVI pacer No Wait for next Request mission Mode change Yes release event termination needed No Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 18 / 23

  26. Algorithm for the Ventricle Pacer Aperiodic Handler Set lastVentricularActivity Pace current on Time elapsed since Yes Sleep 1ms lastVenticularActivity > PVARP+AVI Pace current off Clear atriumActivityOccurred No Wait for next release event Singh, Wellings and Cavalcanti (UoY) Cardiac Pacemaker in SCJ & Ravenscar Ada JTRES, 24-26 October 2012 19 / 23

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