The Acquisition of Mandarin The Acquisition of Mandarin Tones by - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Acquisition of Mandarin The Acquisition of Mandarin Tones by Japanese Learners Tones by Japanese Learners 1 , Peng Zhang 2 , Kei Yoshimoto 1 Hong Zhu 1 , Peng Zhang 2 , Kei Yoshimoto 1 Hong Zhu 1 1 The Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, The Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Japan Tohoku University, Japan 2 Japanese Department, Zhongnan University of 2 Japanese Department, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China Economics and Law, China

Contents Contents � Introduction � Perceptual cues for Tone 2 and Tone 3: Turning point and Δ F 0 � Experiment � Results � Discussion and Conclusion 1

� Introduction � Introduction � Previous studies Mainly observation and comparison of the two languages � Importance of turning point and Δ F 0 on the distinction between Tone 2 and Tone 3 (Moore & Jongman 1997) What is difficult for Japanese native speakers in discriminating between Tone 2 and Tone 3 ? 2

3

Do Japanese native speakers Japanese native speakers Do discriminate between Tone Tone discriminate between 2 and Tone 3 by these by these two two 2 and Tone 3 factors factors 4

� Experiment � Experiment � Vowels for synthesis : /u ɣ / / ɨɣ / (Chao 1968) (Zhu 2010) 5

� Experiment � Experiment � Vowels for synthesis : /u ɣ / / ɨɣ / (Chao 1968) (Zhu 2010) 5

� Stimuli: 20~220 ms in 40ms steps,6 Turning point Turning point stimuli for each vowel 10~70 Hz in steps of 15 Hz, Δ F Δ F 0 0 5 stimuli for each vowel 6

• Higher Δ F 0 • Later turning point • lower Δ F0 • Earlier turning point 7

� Procedure � Procedure "ooTextFile" numberOfReplicationsPerStimulus = 2 breakAfterEvery = 40 "ExperimentMFC 5" randomize = stimuliAreSounds? <yes> <PermuteBalancedNoDoublets> stimulusFileNameHead = startText = " クリックして始めてくだ "sounds0/" さい " stimulusFileNameTail = ".wav" " 聞こえた声調を選んでく 聞こえた声調を選んでく runText = " ださい " ださい stimulusCarrierBefore = "" " よろしければ休憩して " よろしければ休憩して pauseText = " stimulusCarrierAfter = "" Praat ください。クリックして再開してく ください。クリックして再開してく stimulusInitialSilenceDuration = ださい。 ださい。 ” ” 0.5 seconds 終了です。お疲れさまで " 終了です。お疲れさまで endText = " stimulusMedialSilenceDuration = した。 " した。 " 0.5 maximumNumberOfReplays = 0 numberOfDifferentStimuli = 120 replayButton = 0 0 0 0 "" "" " 11_i" "| 第二声 | 第三声 " okButton = 0 0 0 0 "" "" "12_i" "| 第二声 | 第三声 " oopsButton = 0 0 0 0 "" "" responsesAreSounds? <no> "" "" "" "" 0 "13_i" "| 第二声 | 第三声 " 0 "14_i" "| 第二声 | 第三声 " numberOfDifferentResponses = 2 "15_i" "| 第二声 | 第三声 " 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 "" 40 "" "left" …………………………. 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 "" 40 "" "right" numberOfGoodnessCategories = 0 8

The presentation screen of the The presentation screen of the experiment experiment Please choose the Please choose the Tone which you Tone which you heard heard Click it to start Click it to start You can have a rest You can have a rest The end. The end. if you want and then if you want and then Thank you very much! Thank you very much! click it to continue click it to continue 9

� Results � Results /a/ /i/ /u/ /ü/ 10

11 /ü/ /i/ /a/ /u/

� Data analysis Moore & Jongman (1997) 12

Japanese learner : Japanese learner : 13

� Discussion and Conclusion � Discussion and Conclusion � Japanese learners: � Japanese learners: 1. distinguishing between Tone 2 and Tone 3 is affected by the factors of turning point and Δ F 0 2. Turning point seems to be the primary cause of confusion in learning Mandarin tones � Chinese native speakers: � Chinese native speakers: � An interdependency between Δ F 0 and the turning point that contributes to perception of tones 2 and 3 14

Predicted distribution diagram The order of / i />/ ü />/ a />/ u / perception ambiguity: 15

� Shi(2008) � Shi(2008) F2 values of / i />/ ü />/ a />/ u / the four vowels: 16

� Future investigation � Future investigation the smaller the F2 value the smaller the F2 value the better the ability of Japanese the better the ability of Japanese learners to perceive tones learners to perceive tones 17

Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention!

15a 25a 35a 45a 55a 65a 15a 25a 35a 45a 55a 65a 70 70 14a 24a 34a 44a 54a 64a 14a 24a 34a 44a 54a 64a 55 55 Δ Ｆ Δ 13 a 13 a 23a 23a 33a 33a 43a 43a 53a 53a 63a 63a Ｆ 0 0 (Hz) ) 40 40 (Hz 12a 22a 32a 42a 52a 62a 12a 22a 32a 42a 52a 62a 25 25 11a 21a 31a 41a 51a 61a 11a 21a 31a 41a 51a 61a 10 10 20 20 60 60 100 100 140 140 180 180 220 220 転換点 (ms) 転換点 (ms) /a/ /a/

１１ -a (TP ： 20ms, ΔＦ Ｆ 0 ： 25Hz) (TP ： Δ 0 ： 20ms, 25Hz)

12-a (TP ： 20ms, ΔＦ Ｆ 0 ： 25Hz) (TP ： Δ 0 ： 20ms, 25Hz)

13-a (TP ： 20ms, ΔＦ Ｆ 0 ： 40Hz) (TP ： Δ 0 ： 20ms, 40Hz)

： 20ms, ΔＦ Ｆ 0 ： 55Hz (TP ： Δ 0 ： ) 55Hz ) 14-a (TP 20ms,

15-a (TP ： 20ms, ΔＦ Ｆ 0 ： 70Hz) (TP ： Δ 0 ： 20ms, 70Hz)