The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in The accumulation of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in bullfrog ( Rana Rana catesbeiana catesbeiana ) tadpoles from ) tadpoles from bullfrog ( the Upper Hudson River the Upper Hudson River 1 , Christopher J. Balk 2 , Joseph C. Steinbacher 1 , Christopher J. Balk 2 , Joseph C. Steinbacher Kathryn A. Jahn 3 3 , Thomas M. Brosnan , Thomas M. Brosnan 1 1 Kathryn A. Jahn 1 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 1 Silver Spring, Maryland Silver Spring, Maryland 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 2 Gloversville, New York Gloversville, New York 3 United States Fish & Wildlife Service United States Fish & Wildlife Service 3 Cortland, New York Cortland, New York

Study Objectives Study Objectives • Screening level Screening level • survey of PCB survey of PCB contamination contamination • Preliminary Preliminary • measure for measure for basing future basing future investigations investigations

Bullfrog Ecology Bullfrog Ecology • Largest North American frog Largest North American frog • • Native to Central and Eastern United States Native to Central and Eastern United States • • Highly aquatic Highly aquatic • • Carnivorous Carnivorous • • Long lived (up to 10 yrs) Long lived (up to 10 yrs) • • Breed during late Spring in Breed during late Spring in • permanent water bodies permanent water bodies • Egg masses attached to Egg masses attached to • submerged vegetation submerged vegetation

Bullfrog Life Stages Bullfrog Life Stages Frog Spawn Frog Spawn Metamorph Metamorph Hind Limb Pre- -limb limb Hind Limb Pre Limb Bud Limb Bud *Gosner Gosner KL (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos KL (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos * and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica Herpetologica 16: 183 16: 183- -190. 190. and larvae with notes on identification.

Bullfrog Tadpoles Bullfrog Tadpoles • Hatch out in Summer Hatch out in Summer • • Over winter in sediments Over winter in sediments • • May reach lengths greater than 8 cm May reach lengths greater than 8 cm • • Primarily herbivorous Primarily herbivorous – – organic debris, organic debris, • algae, plant tissue, detritus algae, plant tissue, detritus

Study Sites Study Sites

Sampling Synopsis Sampling Synopsis • Samples collected August Samples collected August- -September 2003 September 2003 • • Sediment collected from 9 sites (2 reference) Sediment collected from 9 sites (2 reference) • • Composited Composited sediment samples (n = 9) sediment samples (n = 9) • • 155 tadpoles collected from 8 sites (6 study, 2 155 tadpoles collected from 8 sites (6 study, 2 • reference) reference) • Individuals were Individuals were composited composited based on based on • developmental stage (42 composited composited samples, n = samples, n = developmental stage (42 1 - - 12) 12) 1 • Tadpole gut coils were removed prior to analysis Tadpole gut coils were removed prior to analysis •

Sampling

Total Total PCBs PCBs

Sediment [PCB] Sediment [PCB] 100 100 Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites PCB Concentration (ppm) PCB Concentration (ppm) 10 10 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9 Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9 Upstream Downstream

Tadpole [PCB] Tadpole [PCB] 100 100 Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites PCB Concentration (ppm) PCB Concentration (ppm) 10 10 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9 Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9 Upstream Downstream

Sediment & Tadpoles Sediment & Tadpoles 6 6 Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm) y = 0.07x + 503 Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm) y = 0.07x + 503 5 R2 = 0.89 5 R2 = 0.89 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm) Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm)

100 Tadpole 100 Tadpole Hudson River Study Sites PCB Concentration (ppm) Hudson River Study Sites PCB Concentration (ppm) 10 10 Developmental Developmental 1 1 Stage [PCB] Stage [PCB] 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph 100 100 PCB Concentration (ppm) Reference Sites PCB Concentration (ppm) Reference Sites 10 10 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph

PCB Congeners PCB Congeners • 48 PCB congeners selected for quantification 48 PCB congeners selected for quantification • • Selected congeners are found, historically, in PCB Selected congeners are found, historically, in PCB • composition of various Hudson River physical and composition of various Hudson River physical and biological samples biological samples • 12 12 ‘ ‘Dioxin Dioxin- -like like’ ’ PCB congeners included among the 48 PCB congeners included among the 48 •

PCB Congeners PCB Congeners Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca 8 44 87 128 170 194 206 209 8 18 44 87 128 170 194 206 209 18 31/28 45 95 138 174 195 31/28 45 95 138 174 195 47 99 146 177 201 47 99 146 177 201 49 101 149 180 49 101 149 180 52 105 151 183 52 105 151 183 56 110 153 187 56 110 153 187 66 114 156 189 66 114 156 189 70 118 157 70 118 157 74 123 158 74 123 158 77 126 167 77 126 167 81 169 81 169

PCB PCB Congeners Congeners Upper Study Sites Lower Study Sites

Hudson River Hudson River 0.12 0.12 Upper 0.10 Study Sites 0.10 Study Site Study Site 8 Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.08 0.08 31/28 Sediment PCB Sediment PCB 0.06 0.06 47,49,52 0.04 0.04 Congener Congener 0.02 0.02 Composition Composition 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 Lower 0.10 Study Sites 0.10 Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.08 0.08 8 0.06 0.06 31/28 0.04 0.04 47,49,52 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00

0.12 Reference Site Reference Site 0.12 Site 1 0.10 0.10 Sediment PCB Sediment PCB Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.08 0.08 0.06 Congener Congener 0.06 0.04 0.04 Composition Composition 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 Site 9 0.10 0.10 Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00

0.10 Hudson River Hudson River 0.10 Upper Study Sites 31/28 0.08 0.08 Study Site Study Site Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.06 0.06 47,49,52 Tadpole PCB Tadpole PCB 0.04 0.04 Congener Congener 0.02 0.02 Composition Composition 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 Lower Study Sites 31/28 0.08 0.08 Fraction of Total Fraction of Total 0.06 0.06 47,49,52 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00

0.70 0.70 Site 1 0.60 0.60 Reference Site Reference Site 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.10 Fraction of Total 0.10 Fraction of Total Tadpole PCB Tadpole PCB 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 Congener Congener 0.04 0.04 0.02 Composition 0.02 Composition 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.70 Site 9 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.10 Fraction of Total 0.10 Fraction of Total 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00

0.10 0.10 0.08 31/28 0.08 52 31/28 52 0.06 0.06 47 47 49 49 Sediment vs vs Sediment 0.04 0.04 101 101 95 0.02 138 95 118 0.02 66 138 70 74 99 110 44 118 Fraction of Total (Tadpoles) 153 66 149 70 Tadpole PCB 87 74 99 110 44 Upper Tadpole PCB Fraction of Total (Tadpoles) 153 149 18 87 56 187 151 180 105 18 146 8 56 170 128 187 151 45 177 201 174 206 194 183 180 105 123 158 156 146 8 167 195 114 209 157 0.00 126 169 189 77 81 170 128 45 174 177 201 194 183 206 123 158 156 209 114 195 157 167 Study Sites 0.00 169 126 189 77 81 Composition Composition 0.10 0.10 (One to One) (One to One) 0.08 0.08 52 52 31/28 31/28 0.06 0.06 47 47 49 49 0.04 0.04 101 66 101 66 44 95 70 0.02 118 44 95 70 138 74 0.02 118 99 138 74 Lower 153 110 87 99 149 56 153 110 87 18 149 56 105 187 180 151 18 8 146 105 128 170 45 201 206 187 194 174 177 183 158 157 156 180 151 8 123 209 195 167 114 0.00 126 189 169 81 77 146 170 128 45 Study Sites 201 206 194 183 177 174 158 157 156 123 114 195 209 167 0.00 126 189 169 77 81 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Fraction of Total (Sediment) Fraction of Total (Sediment)

Tadpole : : Sediment Ratios Sediment Ratios Tadpole (TSRs TSRs) ) (