! Technical Development Paradigms ! Are we working with Cars or - PDF document

Dr C.J. Burman The Development Facilitation and Training Institute , University of Limpopo, World Vision - Complex Adaptive Systems: New Strategies for Transformational Development 31 st August, 2010 Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 2 ! Technical Development Paradigms ! Are we working with Cars or Communities? ! Are we rejecting the technical component of - Comfort zones (all of us have them) development? No: but we need to better - Linear thinking (Pavlov; variables, connect cultural realities to policy and scaling-up from a case study; implementation approaches Euro/anglo thinking (cake baking & ! How does the existing paradigm ‘fit’ with the patterns of thinking)? uncertain changes that we expect the next - Yet the paradigm exists / persists .... in century to contain (climate change in a rapidly shifting context (climate particular)? change, fiscal crisis, community ! Where can we look for new ideas? responsiveness etc.) Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: 09/01/10 3 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 4 ! Systems (organic networks & alliances that ! When a development project is focused on a particular area the system begins to change help us do things) ! But the system/s are necessarily unstable in particular anticipation of what is coming ! So the system often changes even before because a fixed system would not be able to cope in the ‘real world’ implementation and as it unfolds ! And often the ‘development machine’ is at ! Systems (driven by the ‘M’ & sense making) have the ability to change, mutate, grow or the periphery of this self-organising, alter direction; emergent set of changes ! And the responses to this change are nearly ! Systems are emergent and self-organising always technical reactions to the change and ! Hence – Complex Adaptive Systems Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 5 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 6

! Development becomes a tussle for power: ! Community-University Partnership the community system is already motivated Programme, funded by the Department: and changing with one ambition (gorilla) Science and Technology in South Africa ! And the developmental machine (another ! Focus: Community Engagement in the face of system) is motivated by another ambition continuous change ! So the two inter-connected systems are even ! The case study focused on the application of more complex as they react / respond to the complexity approaches to a Community other system’s reactions Engagement project: Boys 2 Men ! Is this useful if we want to see improved ! Designing a Mentorship Programme & outcomes (community) in the face of understanding the cultural system to do so Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 7 Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 8 Respond to Respond to community difficult questions interest & girls from boys; other interest; other Circumcision Bio-medical (efficacy / knowledge HIV; efficiency); other circumcision; human rights & facilitation tips Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 9 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 10 ! Called a Review of Boys 2 Men ! We wanted a better understanding of the system the mentors will work in ! And to reinforce / adjust our work plan for the mentorship design (& o fg er a platform for the existing facilitators to share knowledge) ! Pre-hypothesis approach ! Future Backwards ! Archetype Construction Mopane District Capricorn District ! The abridged findings are listed below Facilitators Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 11 Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 12

Capricorn District DevFTI DevFTI Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 13 Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 14 ! Confirms DevFTI’s concerns that circumcision is a cultural issue ! Highlighted the complexity of the Initiation School ! Shows di fg erent perspectives of the same focus area (B2M) ! Useful visual discussion documents (insights into the complex adaptive system) ! The process is simple and it helps to identify Mopane District DevFTI issues for the designing a Mentor Programme Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 15 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 16 Stereotype Influence ! Construction of fictional personalities who Buddies 50% express common values, attitudes and Sexual 17% behaviours in the system Circumcisio 17% ! Enables deeper analysis of more specific n Community 17% cultural issues from the perspective of system sub-groups ! Involves anecdote circles [empirical micro- narrative capture], coding of data and then A structure in decay (a common theme); youth intent more images on destructive behaviour despite the formal warnings posted. Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 17 Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 18

Stereotype Influence Macho 23% Stereotype Influence Sexual 16% Circumcision 13% Family 16% Sexual 26% Drugs 15% Community 13% Gentleman 8% Upstanding Sport 8% People 13% Circumcisio 8% Youth 38% n Outcast 8% Associated with corruption, excessive greed and Demonstrably ‘macho’ that is a blend of both materialism with little interest in upholding family modern and traditional values associated with ‘false Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 19 09/01/10 20 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania Stereotype Influence Stereotype Influence Sexual 33% Violence 20% Developmen 33% Workshop 20% t Workshop 22% Community 20% Violence 11% Tradition 20% Legal 20% The participants were adamant that the outcast is female. She is stubborn, strong, self-su ffj cient and Young women as being dependent on partners for despite the community’s determination to reject the money, manipulative, lazy, gossiping and sabotaging. archetype her survival instinct obstinately resists. Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 21 Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 22 ! The approach has roots in complexity and ! We have talked to old men about how the sense making techniques based upon a pre- Initiation Schools have changed hypothesis approach ! We will be talking to the Traditional Healers ! The data we have is thick when I return ! It informs us of the players and cultural ! We are going to see if we can’t get the B2M influencers within an emerging, self- programme in the Initiation Schools organising complex system ! WHY? Because responding to challenges ! And the data is useful for designing a using this approach means we are going to Mentorship Programme that fits our complex try and disrupt the influence of the Initiation context Schools & reinforc e the positive impacts Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: Dr C.J. Burman, The Development, Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo: World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 23 World Vision, Arusha, Tanzania 09/01/10 24