Teaching and Learning Cycle: Scaffolding Students in the Learning of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Teaching and Learning Cycle: Scaffolding Students in the Learning of Chemistry Tsui Shing Fai Godfrey: Carmel Secondary School Wong Siu Keung Alex: HKMA K.S. Lo College Yuk Che Ming Neil: Elegantia College 13 December 2014

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ A typical student response It ¡has ¡a ¡giant ¡ionic ¡structure. ¡ or ¡ ¡ There ¡are ¡strong ¡ionic ¡bonds. ¡

A desirable student response Sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡giant ¡ionic ¡structure, ¡which ¡ contains ¡positive ¡ions ¡and ¡negative ¡ions. ¡ ¡ Positive ¡ions ¡and ¡negative ¡ions ¡are ¡held ¡together ¡by ¡ strong ¡ionic ¡bonds, ¡which ¡require ¡a ¡large ¡amount ¡ of ¡energy ¡to ¡break. ¡ ¡ Therefore, ¡it ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point.

SETTING THE CONTEXT Using pictures, animations and models to show the students the different structures of substances. Ongoing ¡ development

Models (students can be active in making models) Animation (visuals and movement)

SETTING THE CONTEXT Using pictures, animations and models to show the students the different structures of substances. MODELLING & DECONSTRUCTION with some GUIDED CONSTRUCTION Teacher guides the students to answer the major question by answering Ongoing ¡ development guiding questions. The students work in pairs to complete with cards the guiding questions in Worksheet 1.

Amount ¡of ¡ energy ¡ Forces ¡ Mel*ng ¡point ¡ Par*cles ¡ Strength ¡of ¡ Stuctures between ¡the ¡ required ¡to ¡ or ¡Boiling ¡ involved the ¡forces break ¡the ¡ par*cles point forces ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡

d n o b c n i o i e g r a l c o v a l e n t b o n d g n o r s t low c o v a l e n t b o n d atoms k a e w high

Amount of energy Forces Particles Strength of the Melting point Stuctures between the required to involved forces or Boiling point break the particles forces positive ions giant metallic metallic bond strong large high structure delocalised electrons positive ions giant ionic ionic bond strong large high structure negative ions giant covalent atoms covalent bond strong large high structure (covalent bond) simple (atoms) (strong) molecular small low Van der Waal’s structure molecules Weak forces

Worksheet ¡2 ¡ ¡ Ques1on: ¡ ¡ Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡mel1ng ¡point. ¡ ¡ ¡ Answer: ¡ 1. __________________________________________________ ¡ 2. __________________________________________________ ¡ 3. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 4. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 5. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 6. __________________________________________________ ¡ Restructured ¡Answer ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ Guiding questions Which structure does sodium chloride have? What particles does the giant ionic structure contain? By what type of force are the positive ions and negative ions held? What is the strength of the ionic bond ? How much energy does the strong ionic bond require to break? So, what can we conclude (about the melting point)?

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ Answers Sodium chloride has a giant ionic structure. A giant ionic structure contains positive ions and negative ions. Positive ions and negative ions are held together by ionic bonds . Ionic bonds are strong . Strong ionic bonds require a large amount of energy to break. Therefore, sodium chloride has a high melting point.

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ Combining the answers to Answers Questions 1 and 2, using ‘which’. Sodium chloride has a giant ionic structure, which contains positive ions and negative ions. Positive ions and negative ions are held together by ionic bonds . Ionic bonds are strong . Strong ionic bonds require a large amount of energy to break. Therefore, sodium chloride has a high melting point.

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ Then incorporating the answer to Answers Question 4 into the adjacent sentences Sodium chloride has a giant ionic structure, which contains positive ions and negative ions. Positive ions and negative ions are held together by strong ionic bonds . Strong ionic bonds require a large amount of energy to break. Therefore, sodium chloride has a high melting point.

Explain ¡why ¡sodium ¡chloride ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡melting ¡point. ¡ Finally, we join two of the sentences with ‘which’ and Answers we end up with the “desirable student response”. Sodium chloride has a giant ionic structure, which contains positive ions and negative ions. Positive ions and negative ions are held together by strong ionic bonds , which require a large amount of energy to break. Therefore, sodium chloride has a high melting point.

SETTING THE CONTEXT Using pictures, animations and models to show the students the different structures of substances. MODELLING & DECONSTRUCTION INDEPENDENT with some GUIDED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION Worksheet 2 Teacher guides the students Students follow the to answer the major Ongoing ¡ question by answering steps in WS 1 to development guiding questions. explain the properties of another The students work in pairs to complete the guiding ionic compound, e.g. questions in Worksheet 1, potassium iodide. with cards.

Worksheet ¡2 ¡ ¡ Ques1on: ¡ ¡ Explain ¡why ¡potassium ¡iodide ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡mel1ng ¡point. ¡ ¡ ¡ Answer: ¡ 1. __________________________________________________ ¡ 2. __________________________________________________ ¡ 3. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 4. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 5. ¡ ¡ ¡__________________________________________________ ¡ 6. __________________________________________________ ¡ Restructured ¡Answer ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡

SETTING THE CONTEXT Using pictures, animations and models to show the students the different structures of substances. MODELLING & DECONSTRUCTION INDEPENDENT with some GUIDED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION Worksheet 2 Students follow the Teacher guides the students steps in WS 1 to to answer the major GUIDED CONSTRUCTION Ongoing ¡ explain the question by answering development properties of guiding questions. Worksheet 3 another ionic With reference to the table compound, e.g. The students work in pairs and WS 2, students explain potassium iodide. to complete the guiding questions in Worksheet 1, the properties of with cards. substances covering the three types of structures.

Worksheet ¡3 ¡ ¡ Ques1on: ¡ ¡ 1. ¡ ¡Explain ¡why ¡diamond ¡(textbook ¡p.59) ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡mel1ng ¡point. ¡ Answer: ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ ¡ 2. ¡ ¡Explain ¡why ¡iodine ¡(textbook ¡p.76) ¡has ¡a ¡low ¡mel1ng ¡point. ¡ ¡ Answer: ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ ¡ 3. ¡ ¡Explain ¡why ¡iron ¡has ¡a ¡high ¡mel1ng ¡point. ¡ Answer: ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡ __________________________________________________ ¡

SETTING THE CONTEXT Using pictures, animations and models to show the students the different structures of substances. MODELLING & DECONSTRUCTION INDEPENDENT with some GUIDED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION Worksheet 2 Worksheet 4 Students follow the Teacher guides the students Explain the properties of two steps in WS 1 to to answer the major substances. Ongoing ¡ explain the question by answering development properties of guiding questions. another ionic compound, e.g. The students work in pairs potassium iodide. to complete the guiding GUIDED CONSTRUCTION questions in Worksheet 1, Worksheet 3 with cards. With reference to the table and WS 2, students explain the properties of substances covering the three types of structures.

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Teaching and Learning Cycle: Scaffolding Students in the Learning of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Improving teaching and learning: benefits for students and the professionalization of teaching

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