Risks and Responses to Urban Futures : integrating peri-urban/urban synergies into urban development planning for enhanced ecosystem service benefits Fiona Marshall, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Linda Waldman, Jörn Scharlemann
‘Sustainable’ urbanisation • This project considers aspects of the downsides of rapid economic growth & unchartered development trajectories – whilst seeking solutions based on innovations at multiple scales. • ‘Sustainable’ urbanisation & resilient city agendas/goals are now prevalent - but implementation is neither straightforward or necessarily positive for enhanced environmental integrity and social justice. • Many contributory factors: pace of change; lack of understanding of local dynamics and the interacting biophysical and social processes involved; lack of effective participation; unequal power relations & the politics of knowledge; fragmented policy development…
The neglected, and expanding, peri-urban interface is crucial to sustainable urbanisation - •characterised by: – Administrative ambiguity and Informality , – Contestation over land use – Increasing environmental degradation – Increasing social exclusion & access deficit – Local innovation •Hidden challenges and opportunities for sustainable urban development in recognising urban/peri-urban synergies
Rural Urban Peri urban Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Objectives • To improve understanding/provide evidence of the impacts of urbanisation, on peri-urban ES, and the associated implications for multiple dimensions of poverty. • To investigate the costs and benefits of current policy approaches and initiatives for food security and environmental management, in terms of their impact on ES, and associated impacts for specific actors, particularly the poor – and explore alternatives • To develop research methodologies and pathways for impact that promote the assessment of ES and associated dimensions of poverty as an integral component of the planning and management of industrial and urban development.
Location of case study sites Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling Kareha Yamuna bank
Yamuna bank site
Kareha Village site ,
Research questions • RQ1 What is the role of multiple ES in relation to the livelihoods of communities in peri-urban landscapes? • RQ2 What pressures are acting on ES in peri-urban landscapes & what are the implications for livelihood strategies and multiple dimensions of poverty for peri-urban communities? • RQ3 What are the implications of current urban development initiatives aimed at enhancing urban food security and environmental quality in terms of peri-urban ES and the benefits derived from them? • RQ4 What possibilities exist for safeguarding peri-urban ES and the livelihoods that depend upon them and how might they be incorporated into the planning and management of industrial and urban development?
Methodologies • Participatory/qualitative research : interpretive, interactive and group deliberative, reflexive and positive • Quantitative biophysical empirical research • Spatial analysis • Policy engagement and influence
The team • Jawarhalal Nehru University JNU. Three interdisciplinary centres for Delhi case study – Centre for social medicine and community health/Centre for Studies in Regional Development/Centre for Studies in Science Policy (geography, economics, medicine, sociology, anthropology..) • University of Sussex . Science & Technology Policy Studies and Ecology and Conservation • Institute of Development Studies. Interdisciplinary Knowledge Technology and Society team – multiple dimensions of poverty and health • Banaras Hindu University. Botany, Environmental & agricultural Sciences • Toxicslink. Policy Advocacy and engagement • IWMI. India and Nepal hubs. Regional mapping, networking and policy engagement
Rural Work strand 1 Urban MAPPING Enhanced Peri urban understanding Poverty alleviation of peri-urban & ecosystem service benefits ecosystem service/poverty interactions Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Top-down mapping and spatial analysis Rural Urban Broad range of ESS and multiple dimensions of poverty but Peri urban Emphasis on food Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service systems & health benefits Bottom-up Ecosystem values & management participatory Governance & mapping policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Rural Urban Peri urban Work strand 2: Interventions for enhanced rural-urban synergies Poverty alleviation & ecosystem service benefits Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Rural Work strand 2: urban-rural synergies Urban Empirical biophysical studies of ESS degradation & flows of ‘risk’ and opportunity for food systems Peri urban Identification of specific local community based interventions for enhanced urban Poverty alleviation rural synergies in Delhi NCR & ecosystem service benefits Understanding the impacts of current major policy initiatives in terms of ESPA ‘re-casting’ these policy initiatives with ESS/poverty concerns central Ecosystem values & management Governance & policy processes Wider political economy and sustainability goals
COMBINED WORK STRANDS, REGIONAL STAKEHOLDER GROUP AND POLICY ADVOCACY – WILL PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF: •Impacts of urbanisation, on peri-urban ecosystem services and multiple dimensions of poverty. Rural Periurban Urban •Implications of current development trajectories - biophysical and social processes, the role of governance capacity, knowledge and power in determining outcomes, •Alternative pathways which preserve ESS and in turn lift people out of poverty Ecosystem •Development of research methodologies and pathways for impact that promote the assessment of ES and associated dimensions of poverty as an integral Governance & component of urban planning and management. policy processes
Outputs will include Maps documenting: ES flows and degradation of ES linking with multiple dimensions of poverty Methods for assessing ES-PA interactions in the context of urban development policies Documented knowledge of how poor people use ES, the values attached to ES by diverse stakeholders and implications and trade-offs involved for multiple dimensions of poverty. Documented knowledge of policy drivers & weaknesses and strengths in policy approaches which impact on peri-urban ES
Top-down mapping and spatial analysis Rural Urban • Spatio-temporal modelling • Statistical analysis • Biophysical data • Participatory Peri urban Poverty alleviation Mapping & ecosystem service • Open-ended benefits interviews Ecosystem values Bottom-up & management participatory Governance & policy processes mapping Wider political economy and sustainability goals
Participatory exercises to understand ES– poverty alleviation interactions Aim to shift away from economic definitions of poverty and access-based understandings of natural resources Focus on the meaning of poverty and categorisations applied by peri-urban residents themselves. Identify how people recognise, access, use and value ES and how these ES are interrelated with multiple dimensions of poverty Explore a wide range of ES in relation to different dimensions of poverty, different categories of people and diverse peri-urban social groupings This will augment official poverty indicators and seek to reveal interconnections between poverty and ES
Participatory exercises to understand ES– poverty alleviation interactions • We conceptualise Health broadly as a component of human wellbeing, which expands beyond biomedical categories and which is a key characteristic of poverty We focus on people ’ s collective perceptions of • health rather than test for medical evidence • Our purpose is to recognise that health is not a biological given, but rather health is informed by social, economic and political decisions and processes • We aim to make the connections between ES and poor health publically acknowledged, to relate health to political processes
Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling ES class ES Beneficiaries Indicator/metric Methodology and Approach Provisioning Food Local/regional Area & yields Water Local/regional Pollutant quantities, water quality/quantity availability for households & agriculture Fuel Local Fuel wood Fodder Local Area of grazing land Medicines Local Regulating Flood control Local Frequency of flooding, upstream vegetation Disease Local regulation Filtering Local Pollutant levels pollutants/waste Cultural Local spaces Local Religious activities Supporting Soil Local Soil organic matter
Mapping and spatio-temporal modelling at 2 Delhi sites Available data on Participatory mapping & interviews -Human well-being, ES demands, flows, poverty, population (e.g. benefits national census) Statistical analyses Modelling/mapping -Biophysical data (e.g. ES production land use/land cover, elevation, precipitation)
Recommend
More recommend
