Sustainable Transport – Snapshot of R&D Activity in Ireland LIS O’BRIEN ARCHITECT AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ENGINEER SUPPORT OFFICER AT DU IN LIT
Co Contents Ø Innovations that are driving efficient vehicle technology Ø Electric vehicles Ø Hybrid helicopters, solar planes and EV boats Ø Charging points Ø How efficient is you car? Ø Community renewable transport developments
In Introduc duction Ireland imports 90% of energy it uses. A total of 40% of our energy is spent propelling planes, trains and automobiles, which are 97% oil- driven and are responsible for 20% of national GHG emissions . How efficient is your car? Most family cars need 4 to 6 litres of fossil fuel to cover 100km (45-70 miles per gallon). Hybrids run at the better end of that range. Small advanced diesel engines approach 3 litres per 100km or 100 miles per gallon. Should we be more sustainable in the transport sector?
Inno Innovations ns th that t are dri riving effici cient t vehicle technology ve 1. Losing weight: new materials 2. New methods of propulsion 3. Reducing resistance: smooth sailing on the tracks 4. Reusing energy: less fuel, more air
Losing we weight 1. 1. Lo BMW’s all-electric city vehicle, the i3 ◦Aluminium and plastic reinforced with carbon fibre ◦30-50% lighter than it would be if constructed from steel Norbert Enning and Ulrich Klages-2008 European Inventor Award finalists. ◦Developed an integrated weight-bearing system constructed from aluminium that lends a car’s frame maximum stability at minimum mass.
Losing we weight - ba batter eries es 1. 1. Lo Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology Developed a structural battery consisting of multifunctional lightweight materials that simultaneously manage mechanical loads, and store electrical energy. PNNL in Richmond, Washington State Researchers have developed a hybrid anode made of graphite and lithium that could quadruple the lifespan of lithium-sulphur batteries. This will elongate the life span of batteries and enable electric vehicles to drive longer on a single charge and help store more renewable energy.
New me metho hods o ds of pr f propulsio pulsion 2. 2. Ne Bombardier Transportation GmbH - Primove Inductive Power Transfer – a principle already used in charging electric toothbrushes and other household devices. Electricity running through an induction coil in the ground creates a magnetic field that produces a charge in a vehicle-mounted receiver. Without a heavy battery, the trams or buses are lighter, so much less energy is needed to move them.
3. 3. Re Reducing resistance Bombardier Transportation GmbH Have patented an innovation that smooths airflow over the entire length of a train rather than just the front. Better aerodynamics – less fuel consumed Less noise – comfort for passenger and people living along train routes
4. 4. Re Reusing en ergy : : le less fuel, l, mor ore air air ener Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) Recovery and reuse of energy created when a vehicle brakes Energy Control Assembly (ECA) Power generated by acceleration and deceleration to be stored as compressed air. It works as part of a hybrid air and combustion engine, reducing energy consumption and CO 2 emissions.
Elec Electric ic V Vehic ehicles les Hybrids Combine batteries, electric motors, and internal-combustion engines - High efficiency – Still rely on fossil fuels. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) Use electricity to charge batteries - more sustainable than a car with an internal-combustion engine. The grid is moving to more renewable power, further reducing the carbon signature associated with BEVs Nissan - new electric car by 2020 giving 340 miles (550 km) on a single charge.
Elec Electric ic V Vehic ehicles les Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) Uses electrochemistry to generate electricity directly. This is done by taking compressed hydrogen gas stored on board and combining it with oxygen from the air. The compressed hydrogen gas can be distributed via a dispenser similar to the ones used in petrol stations.
Fu Fuel Cell El Electr ctric c Vehicl cle and ch chargi ging g poi oints ts Creation of a fuelling station network is essential to the market development of FCEV Hydrogen Mobility Europe Project- giving FCEV drivers access to Pan-European network of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Demonstrates the commitment to hydrogen-fuelled road transport as a Pan-European solution to have viable, competitive, alternatives to fossil fuels. PRIMOVE wireless charging builds on the vision of a city where all vehicles are electric, emission-free and quiet .
Hy Hybr brid hel d helicopter ers a s and so nd solar pl planes nes Solar Impulse Project developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. Around the world – 40,000 km without fuel, a first for energy Airbus Patent an innovative way to power the flight of helicopters An electrical engine supports the power provided by the main combustion engine Allows energy consumption to be optimised depending on whether the helicopter is taking off, flying or landing.
Ho How e effi ficien ent i is y s your ur c car? NUI Galway engineering students and staff – How far can transport efficiency could be pushed, and set out to build Ireland's most energy-efficient car The Geec would use 13 cent worth of electricity to drive from Galway to Dublin (if it had a big enough battery). FUTURE? http://www.engineersjournal.ie/2016/02/23/building-irelands-most-energy-efficient-car/
Co Commercial Electric Ve Vehicle Celtic Linen Trial Smith Electric Newton 10t electric truck Cost of the vehicle €123,000 (excluding VAT) for which SEAI provided 45% support. Consumed 1,236 Wh/km – 9 cent per km Diesel energy equivalent approximately 12.35L/100km – 20 cent per km. Unexpected benefits of the vehicle are the low noise when delivering to hotels and hospitals in the early hours and its successful performance in the ice and snow of December 2010. The vehicle may also be used indoors given its zero emissions
Co Commercial Electric Ve Vehicle The Office of Public Works (OPW) Trial Smith Electric Newton 7.5t truck Cost of the vehicle €113,000 (excluding VAT) for which SEAI provided 45% support. Consumed 1,410Wh/km Diesel energy equivalent approximately 14.1L/100km The Gross Vehicle Weight is 7.5t - batteries are 1.8t - reducing the load carrying capacity of the truck
Co Community Developments Aran Islands A trial of eight vehicles began in 2011 until 2014. Islanders adapted well to EVs and over 90% indicated that they would like to switch to electric drive. Issues include charging time and availability and distance of journey. At the time: The EV energy cost was 1.9c/km and 8.7c/km for the diesel (78 % cost saving) Currently, negotiating with Renault Ireland to get good prices on their “Fluence” EV model. 3 EVs on the island.
Re Renewable Transport projects Batterie – Better Accessible Transport to Encourage Robust Intermodal Enterprise website: http://www.batterie.eu.com/ Smart technologies and alternative fuels, Intermodality, Behaviour, Mapping of charge points Promote interoperability and continuity of existing transport networks, and sea/road/rail/air intermodality
Ch Charging points in Ir Irel eland
Re Renewable Transport projects Repute project – Renewable Energy in Public Transport Enterprise website: http://www.reputeproject.eu/ Integration of renewable technologies and personal travel planning. Outcomes:…..
Re Renewable Transport projects
Mapping of charge points http://egomap.eu
Re Renewable Transport projects New Proposal Sunroof - Stimulate the development of rural and peri-urban electric vehicle usage charged by renewable energy sources. 7 pilots: Scotland, NI, France, Spain, Portugal and 2 in Ireland (Dublin and Clare) Rural pilot - County Clare With Clare Accessible Transport, CAT and Loop Head Tourism, LHT to provide an e-bus from Kilkee to Loop Head Lighthouse. EV FC renewable charge points to extend to pedelecs to boost tourism.
Thank you for listening! Lis O’Brien Support Officer at Renewable Energy and Sustainable Building Research and Development elisabeth.obrien@lit.ie 050428040
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